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Embryology in clinical practice

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

It’s not all about ARED - Time for a pragmatic approach to nutrition for eye health?

1 April 2016 | | EYE - Cornea
Advances in treatment for retinal diseases involving neovascularisation have undoubtedly changed the future of eye care across the UK for the better, but also created great challenges for service delivery in ophthalmology, particularly within the NHS. Some statistics are starting...

Ophthalmology specialty training applications: a costly affair?

23 August 2021 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology is one of the most competitive specialties to pursue training in worldwide. In the United Kingdom, the ST1 entry national selection competition ratio for the past few years has ranged between four to five applicants per post [1]. The...

The African Ophthalmology Council: Driving excellence in African eye health

2 October 2025 | | EYE - General
Have you been wondering about how you can impact, or even just understand, the eyecare landscape in Africa from those who experience it daily? Ever wondered about which one body brings all eye health professionals in Africa together, united in...

Cataract surgery in uveitis patients

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Cataract formation is a common complication of uveitis, causing up to 40% of vision loss in these patients. Cataract results from inflammation +/- corticosteroid therapy and is usually posterior subcapsular, but a small proportion have a rapid increase in nuclear...

Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...

Don’t ignore the black lesion! It might be mucormycosis

1 June 2017 | | EYE - Cornea
Keeping mucormycosis infection in the foreground of your differential diagnosis, especially in those more vulnerable patients, will help save their lives if recognised and managed appropriately. Mucormycosis is a fulminant infection caused by the fungi of the family Mucoraceae. It...

Ocular bubbly: a vitreoretinal update on the art of gases

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The authors remind us of the revolutionary impact gases have had on retinal surgery. In 1938, Rosengren attempted to improve his retina repair surgical outcomes [1]. He discovered that suturing the retina or pressing externally on the sclera were not...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 October 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Part 3: Clinical features, assessment and management (see also Part 2, and Part 1) As previously mentioned in this treatise [1] pituitary tumours are common, occur in all age groups and can present with anything from minimal visual symptoms to...

Visual disturbance heralding stroke: are we seeing the signs in time?

6 April 2021 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Isolated visual symptoms may be an early presenting feature of stroke, and timely recognition of such atypical cases is important because treatment for stroke has a limited time-window of efficacy. Stroke occurs in approximately 150,000 people per year in the...

Looking on the brightside: Lord David Blunkett

4 December 2025 | | EYE - General
“I can hear people smile” As a young adult in the 1980s and 1990s I gradually became more politically informed with occasional forays into BBC’s Question Time. In doing so, I learnt of the rise of politician David Blunkett, a...

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the commonest autoimmune condition to affect the neuromuscular junction. In the UK, its prevalence is 15 per 10,000 [1,2] and recent studies have shown that rates are steadily increasing [3,4]. Aims of this audit The aim...