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My message to future ophthalmology teaching fellows: Organising an effective ophthalmology placement

Globally, teaching ophthalmology during the undergraduate period presents challenges. The time allocated for it is minimal with substandard exposure [1,2]. Additionally, the number of universities mandating formal ophthalmology education has significantly declined [3]. Research supports the observation that doctors in...

Adaptive optics imaging: resolving single cells in the living eye

The human retina is unique in the central nervous system (CNS) in that it can be directly visualised non-invasively. Technological advances of several imaging modalities, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), multichannel scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and fundus photography, have afforded...

Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Enhancing ophthalmology training: Unleashing the power of simulation

Ethical and practical barriers hinder early surgical experience in ophthalmology training [1], which is problematic when early-career trainees bring a higher risk of poor surgical outcomes and patient harm [2]. The European working time directive and the surgical backlog secondary...

BT outcome for CP and ET

The authors evaluate the clinical outcome of botulinum toxin (BT) injection in the correction of esotropia in 44 patients with cerebral palsy (CP). BT was injected under general anaesthesia without EMG guidance. Of the children, 47.7% were male and mean...

Botulinum toxin after orbicularis myectomy

This is a retrospective review of 27 patients with benign essential blepharospasm who had become resistant to treatment with botulinum toxin and had therefore undergone orbicularis myectomy of the upper lids. The study compares the dose and frequency of botulinum...

IOL power in short eyes

Prospective analysis of 269 eyes of 269 patients between 2017 and 2020, with axial length (AL) of 22mm or less. New principles for calculating IOL power were recently developed, including formulas based on paraxial ray-tracing (Barrett and Olsen) and based...

Music and song inspire Freya to start speaking

Freya Reily, who is six years old from Tranent in East Lothian, is more than meets the eye. Freya, who was born very prematurely and has severe vision impairment, has been inspired by music and song to start speaking, something that her parents did not think was possible just a few short months ago.

The last three patients: general medicine (Patient Two)

For the second reflection in this series (see Patient One here), Professor Jonathan Rees recounts his experiences of the last patient he saw as a medical registrar, telling the tragic story of a young man’s death and the risks that...

Resurfacing the ocular surface

The ocular surface (OS) is an anatomical and functional unit made of the tear film, the conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, the lacrimal, mucous and meibomian glands and the lids and blink reflex. The tear film is composed of a...

The 2020 Milgram Experiment

Will ophthalmology recover from COVID-19? Learning Curve columnist Gwyn Samuel Williams shares his thoughts on the developing impact of the pandemic “It’s busy today,” the nurse in green chuckles. “There are six patients I think.” Six. This clinic is designed...

In conversation with Robert F Walters, Orbis Trustee

Can you give us a brief overview of the organisation and its hope for the future? Orbis International is a global non-governmental organisation (NGO) which is dedicated to the prevention of blindness. We’ve now been going since 1982. We’re very...