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How to examine the visual system Part 1: visual acuity, visual fields and eye movements

1 June 2014 | Emma Linton, Apostolos Fotakakis | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal

Asking candidates to perform an examination of the visual system, either as part of a full cranial nerve exam or as an individual entity, is a common station in practical examinations during medical school. It is important to practise for...

A paediatric case of central retinal artery occlusion following antibiotics and decompression surgery for orbital cellulitis

3 October 2022 | Saad Mahmud Khan, Nadia Azad | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - General

Orbital cellulitis is an ophthalmic emergency that warrants urgent management in the hospital setting [1]. This occurs more frequently in the paediatric population where it is often secondary to sinus infections. Delay in treatment could result in severe complications including...

Don’t ignore the black lesion! It might be mucormycosis

1 June 2017 | Tina Parmar | EYE - Cornea

Keeping mucormycosis infection in the foreground of your differential diagnosis, especially in those more vulnerable patients, will help save their lives if recognised and managed appropriately. Mucormycosis is a fulminant infection caused by the fungi of the family Mucoraceae. It...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

1 October 2017 | James F (Barry) Cullen | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology

Part 3: Clinical features, assessment and management (see also Part 2, and Part 1) As previously mentioned in this treatise [1] pituitary tumours are common, occur in all age groups and can present with anything from minimal visual symptoms to...

Psychiatric Consequences of Ophthalmic Disease

1 December 2013 | Amjad Akram, Masood Alam Shah

In part two of this series on ophthalmology and psychiatry, the authors will cover the possible psychiatric consequences of ophthalmic disease. The following conditions will be discussed: a. Black patch psychosis b. Psychological state in blindness c. Phobias in the...

Visual disturbance heralding stroke: are we seeing the signs in time?

6 April 2021 | Parushak Rezai, Kardo Ala-Aldeen, Asaipillai Asokanathan | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General

Isolated visual symptoms may be an early presenting feature of stroke, and timely recognition of such atypical cases is important because treatment for stroke has a limited time-window of efficacy. Stroke occurs in approximately 150,000 people per year in the...

A Nightmare on Doctor Street: Two

4 October 2023 | Peter Cackett | EYE - General

Just when you thought it was safe to go back into the clinic room… The quote below comes from Rudy Baylor, a graduate fresh out of law school and recruited by a ruthless ambulance chaser in the legal drama movie,...

What’s new in wet AMD papers?

1 December 2016 | Rod McNeil | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal

Paper presentations on neovascular (‘wet’) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from the 16th European Society of Retina Specialists Congress, Copenhagen, September 2016, outline recent research directions evaluating the impact of vision loss on key health domains, patient preferences in the process...

The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | Nicola Dunlop, Daniel G Ezra | EYE - Oculoplastic

Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

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