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Doing a systematic review: a users’ guide for foundation doctors

Research is increasingly important for junior doctors and systematic reviews (SRs) are a great place to start. Carrying out an SR can help a doctor demonstrate commitment to a specialty, develop research skills and get results quickly. This article aims...

Assessing everyday visual function in dry AMD – what matters to the person?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in the developed world and is accountable for more than one half of sight impairment registrations within England and Wales [1]. AMD is prevalent in people aged 60 years and...

Introducing the Royal College of Nursing Ophthalmic Nursing Forum

The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) represents nurses and nursing. While the terms ‘nurses’ and ‘nursing’ are used generically, membership is inclusive of a variety of clinical roles, including midwives, advanced nurse practitioners, advanced clinical practitioners, nurse consultants, registered nursing...

Exploiting nature’s randomised trials of eye disease

Confounding and reverse causation in observational ophthalmic epidemiology Traditional observational studies are inherently limited in establishing a causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. One fundamental limitation is confounding, whereby causation is incorrectly attributed to a third...

Blame the lens – not its position – in refractive surprise

Aetiology of postoperative refractive surprise Weber coined the term “wrong eye, wrong intraocular lens, wrong patient” in 2008 as an aide memoir of major factors believed to underlie refractive surprise – defined as a significant unintended difference between dioptric refraction...

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 2): Approaches to therapy for IRDs

Part 1 of this topic can be found here There are currently no proven cures for inherited retinal disease (IRD). However, multiple avenues of research are being investigated to better understand disease mechanisms and trial potential therapies that may slow...

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 1) – overview and assessment of inherited retinal disease

Part 2 of this topic can be found here Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) is the leading cause of blindness certification in the working age population (age 16-64 years) in England and Wales and the second most common in childhood [1]....

Comparison of bleb grading and IOPs

The purpose of this study was to compare a novel anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) bleb grading system with a clinical bleb grading system (Moorfields) and both with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels following trabeculectomy surgery. The authors developed a...

Injection of methotrexate into silicone oil-filled eyes for grade C PVR

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. Folate antagonism is known to contribute to the antiproliferative effects of MTX, and release of adenosine from cells and inhibition of polyamines may explain its anti-inflammatory effects. These activities contribute to...

Retrospective review of visual outcomes in Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical syndrome characterised by headache and papilloedema that can lead to significant visual morbidity. IIH is diagnosed by the modified Dandy criteria, which include normal neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, high CSF opening...

Appropriateness of online education material for leukocoria

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, reliability and readability of online patient education materials on leukocoria. A Google search was undertaken for leukocoria and white pupil. They identified and assessed the first 50 sources for both...

Obtaining US clinical experience in ophthalmology as a UK medical student or junior doctor

Medical students or junior doctors in the UK may be interested in gaining US clinical experience for many reasons. Unfortunately, many trainees do not know how to arrange these and there is a common misconception that it is difficult to...