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The green grass of denial

3 April 2026 |
Tourists often state with great jealousy how wonderfully green Ireland looks from the air. This wonder often fades when they land and realise just how much it must rain to achieve such vibrant colours! I experienced the reverse of this...
Strabismus journal front cover image.

BT outcomes for accommodative esotropia

1 June 2022 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Botulinum Toxin (BT) in refractive and non-refractive accommodative esotropia unresponsive to glasses and poor compliance with glasses. This was a retrospective study of 114 patients who had BT for...
Seminars in Ophthalmology journal cover image

Use of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of intermittent exotropia

1 December 2022 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
In this prospective cohort study, the authors aimed to evaluate the efficiency of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in the treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT) and examine factors affecting treatment outcomes. Seventy-four patients diagnosed with any type of IXT were...
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus cover image.

Efficacy of BT as a treatment for cranial nerve palsy in acute and chronic cases

4 December 2024 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
The authors performed a meta-analysis of all patients’ treatment with botulinum toxin (BT) for cranial nerve palsy (CNP) to determine the efficacy of BT in the treatment of CNP due to a variety of causes. The search identified 1129 articles...

Setting up successful safe & efficient nurse-led intravitreal injection service

28 January 2020 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
In September 2019, we organised a training course at Great Western NHS Hospital (GWH), Swindon, which provided presentations, discussions and hands-on wet lab experience on how to perform intravitreal injection using intravitreal assisted device (INVITRIA) for nurses and doctors from...

My top five Instagram accounts to keep your scrolling educational

4 August 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
There’s no denying that now, more than ever, we are better connected to our electronic devices; 24/7, around the clock. The phenomenon of ‘Zoom’ and ‘Microsoft Teams’ is shaping the future of medical education, national trainee recruitment and conference access....

It’s Friday, I’m In Love: Pete’s Hidden Curriculum Part 3

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
“When you’re in love, it’s the most glorious two-and-a-half days of your life.” - Richard Lewis [1]. The good news is that we are over the hump now and past the most depressing day of the year, which is known...

My Top Five: Instagram accounts to keep your scrolling educational

4 August 2021 | | EYE - General, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
There’s no denying that now, more than ever, we are better connected to our electronic devices; 24/7, around the clock. The phenomenon of ‘Zoom’ and ‘Microsoft Teams’ is shaping the future of medical education, national trainee recruitment and conference access....

Preparing to sit the FRCOphth Part 1 as a new FY1: A modern financial, educational and AI-enhanced study guide

9 March 2026 | | EYE - General
One week into my first year as a doctor, buried under a mountain of ward jobs, night shifts and the sheer vertical learning curve of FY1, I decided to challenge myself further: I booked the FRCOphth Part 1 exam. The...

What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 1

1 April 2018 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology is a complex and difficult subspecialty in ophthalmology. It has several connections to neurology, neuro-surgery, rheumatology as well as many other medical specialties. Working in an multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment is key to success in this subspecialty as mistakes...

What not to miss in neuro-ophthalmology Part 2

1 August 2018 | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
As mentioned previously there are several conditions in neuro-ophthalmology that should not be missed by the general ophthalmologist as well as ophthalmology trainees. We discussed in the first part some of these conditions including third cranial nerve palsies, giant cell...

Transferring imaging from primary to secondary care (part 1)

5 August 2020 | | EYE - General
Transferring clinical imaging from high street optometrists to secondary care is an increasingly requested option, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A wide variety of solutions exist to allow this, each with their own merits and shortcomings. For...