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Contemporary glaucoma therapy: spoilt for choice

The goal of glaucoma management is to prevent visual loss and disease progression in the patient’s lifetime through effective lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP), the primary modifiable risk factor in glaucoma. Sustained and consistent IOP reduction is key to halting...

Bosch-Boonstro-Schaaff optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) NR2F1 mutation

An experienced ophthalmologist can make an anatomical diagnosis of childhood visual impairment based upon the surgical sieve, i.e., congenital and acquired. But an ophthalmologist cannot work in isolation to make an aetiological diagnosis – one would require the help of...

Combination surgical management for congenital lacrimal duct obstruction

The authors aimed to report the clinical outcomes of antegrade balloon dacryocystoplasty (DCP) followed by pushed-type monocanalicular (MC), combined as a primary management for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). This was a retrospective study of 62 eyes (48 patients) with...

Exploiting nature’s randomised trials of eye disease

Confounding and reverse causation in observational ophthalmic epidemiology Traditional observational studies are inherently limited in establishing a causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. One fundamental limitation is confounding, whereby causation is incorrectly attributed to a third...

Light in darkness – manual small incision cataract surgery in India

Cataract has been documented to be the most significant cause of bilateral blindness in India, where vision <20/200 in the better eye on presentation is defined as blindness [1,2]. Estimation of blindness in India by the World Health Organization (WHO)...

Neuroanatomical structures and eye movements

The aim of this study was to review and critically discuss the role of ocular proprioception in oculomotor control and development of eye motility disorders. The authors considered proprioception, structure and proprioceptors of eye muscles, singly and multiply innervated muscle...

G-CSF intravitreal injections for NAION: a pilot study

In rodent models with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) confers a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory processes. This prospective study investigated the efficacy of intravitreal injection of G-CSF for the...

Light tolerance in infectious keratitis

The authors presented the findings of a study that aimed to identify the maximum irradiance (power received by a surface per unit area) that can be tolerated by photophobic patients with infectious keratitis (IK). They recruited 30 patients (14 women...

Ologen Collagen Matrix to treat ocular hypotony after filtration glaucoma surgery

The authors report a retrospective, observational case series of a Japanese cohort. 12 consecutive implantations of ologen in nine eyes of nine subjects (five men, four women; mean age ±SD, 72.1±12.7 years) who underwent subconjunctival implantation of the device to...

Glaucoma care provision using a multidisciplinary approach: a personal view

This article is going to explain the secret to running an efficient multidisciplinary glaucoma service which will comfortably meet the demands of an ever-growing elderly population, within the confines of budgetary and clinical constraints, wherever the setting. This may be...

Biomechanical stabilisation of ocular measurements post cataract surgery

This prospective study looks into the time duration of biomechanical stabilisation post uneventful cataract surgery in a case series of 62 consecutive eyes in patients with no ocular or systemic comorbidity. The patients were followed-up at fixed intervals of one...

An unusual case of partial oculomotor nerve palsy

The authors present an unusual case of intra-axial oculomotor nerve involvement due to midbrain infarction. The 65-year-old male patient presented with unilateral complete blepharoptosis and slight limitation of upgaze. Neurological examination revealed a complete ptosis of the left eyelid, slight...