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Regulatory drug evaluations and expedited review initiatives: EU and US perspectives

1 April 2016 | | EYE - General
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) each conduct independent assessments of benefit-risk profile when evaluating applications to market new or modified medicines, and their respective decision-making is guided by distinct legislation, procedures and...

Understanding amniotic membrane grafts

1 June 2019 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Safa Elhassan gives a brief review of amniotic membrane grafts and their application in theatre and clinic-based settings. Amniotic membrane (AM) transplant has been an established adjuvant treatment for many corneal, conjunctival and scleral disorders in ophthalmic clinical practice with...

The use of toxin in paediatric strabismus

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics
Strabismus is a common condition that affects up to 5% children and can be associated with abnormal visual development, double vision, loss of depth perception and impaired binocularity [1]. It can also cause cosmetic concerns, negatively impact psychosocial wellbeing and...

An eye on novel anti-cancer agents: an evidence-based approach to external eye assessment

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Novel anti-cancer therapies have led to significant advancement in cancer treatment, however, they can be associated with external eye complications. It is important to be mindful of such adverse effects during assessment of patients enrolled in clinical trials. Annually, approximately...

The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of DMO

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a major cause of visual loss in diabetes, with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. In the UK alone it is estimated that there are nearly 2.5 million diabetic patients aged over 12 years. Approximately 65,000 of...

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: How ICEH maintains the cornerstone of global eye health data

2 October 2025 | | EYE - General
In this paper we will discuss The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB), a survey methodology that has become the single largest source of population eye health data globally. The origins of RAAB The RAAB is a rapid, population-based survey...

Typical and atypical optic neuritis – diagnosis and initial management

1 June 2016 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Optic neuritis is a relatively common presentation to ophthalmologists in the acute setting. The vast majority are cases of ‘typical’ optic neuritis (ON) but a smaller group of conditions, so-called, ‘atypical’ optic neuritides require a different work-up and management strategy....

Is it NAION… Now what?

3 April 2024 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Case presentation We present the case and discussion of a 46-year-old Caucasian male who complained of immediate reduced vision following complicated neck dissection including a total laryngopharyngectomy, free flap reconstruction for a T4N3 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the left...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

A comparison of light sources in retinal imaging

1 October 2021 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Before starting to talk about the light sources present in retinal imaging, it is necessary to start from the base: the light. Light is an electromagnetic wave whose smallest part is the photon (or quantum of light). A high frequency...

Women-led, solar powered eye centres to treat 1 million people at risk of avoidable blindness in India

22 April 2022
One million people at risk of avoidable blindness in West Bengal, India, now have access to eye care thanks to the opening of nine environmentally friendly Green Vision Centres, five of which are led by women.

Sixth nerve palsy versus decompensating distance esophoria

1 August 2019 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Orthoptists see a wide range of conditions that can range from reduced binocular single vision (BSV) that may be solved with exercises, to more extreme neurogenic cases requiring further intervention. Because of this variety, it is important to be able...