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A brief history of colour vision

Andrew Want takes a look at how colour vision has evolved in humans and animals and how it differs across species. Colour vision is something that we often take for granted, but it has become so intrinsic to the way...

Step-by-step guide to mastering skills with the Goldmann applanation tonometer

Ophthalmology is a highly specialised field that requires proficiency in various diagnostic skills for numerous conditions. Entrants into ophthalmology at ST1 often possess minimal to no ophthalmic experience beyond what they learned in medical school. Consequently, they may face significant...

A single intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of breast carcinoma related choroidal metastasis

Case report Choroidal metastasis represents a common form of intraocular malignancies occurring in up to 10% of patients with systemic metastasis [1]. The most common primary sites of ocular metastasis are breast carcinoma in women and lung carcinoma in men,...

Usefulness of gonioscopy to investigate cause of corneal oedema after cataract surgery

A 72-year-old man with ocular hypertension presented three months after routine right phacoemulsification and toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with a two-week history of an irritated right eye and a sudden deterioration in right vision. His preoperative spherical equivalence was...

A case of retinal cavernous haemangioma – don’t let it slip through the grapevine

We present a case of a seven-year-old male who presented to the emergency eye referral clinic with red eye. He was diagnosed and treated for allergic conjunctivitis, however, on clinic review, wide field retinal imaging was performed (as has been...

Acute dacryoadenitis secondary to COVID-19

Acute dacryoadenitis is defined as the rapid onset of discomfort and swelling of the lacrimal gland, classically giving rise to an S-shaped ptosis [1]. Dacryoadenitis is the most common cause of a painful mass in the lacrimal gland in young...

Retinal sequelae of high voltage electric current injury

Introduction High-voltage electrical currents may result in significant ocular complications, ranging from mild cataracts to vision-threatening retinal and optic nerve problems [1]. The severity of damage depends on various factors, including intensity and type of current, duration of exposure, entry...

Triamcinolone (TA) deposits following subcutaneous injection to treat chalazion

Chalazia are chronic lipogranulomatous inflammations of the eyelid secondary to a blocked meibomian gland. Whilst most resolve spontaneously, certain chalazia warrant treatment. Options include incision and curettage (I&C), lesion excision, intralesional steroid injections, and botox injections [1]. I&C is usually...

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum in the right lateral canthus

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SP) is an exceedingly rare, benign adnexal tumour primarily affecting the skin. It is characterised by the presence of cystic structures and papillary projections. This uncommon dermatological condition is typically found in areas rich in apocrine glands, such...

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro-mucocutaneous disorder which is defined by a triad of orofacial oedema, furrowing of the tongue, and recurrent episodes of facial nerve palsy [1]. Due to the rarity of the disease and inconsistent presentation, MRS...