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Ovarian hormones drive onset of Sjogren’s disease in mice

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a debilitating, sight-threatening, systemic autoimmune disease with no effective treatment available. SS is characterised by lacrimal gland lymphocytic infiltration and epithelial cell death, as well as by the presence of serum autoantibodies. Patients have severe dry...

Lost muscle surgery

The authors present the results of transposition surgery without concomitant lateral rectus weakening in a retrospective review of five cases. Surgery was for large exotropia and marked limitation of adduction after surgical loss of the medial rectus muscle. Mean age...

BT for Duane’s retraction syndrome esotropia

The aim of the study was to evaluate the correction of esotropia and face turn due to Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS) type I. The mean age was 21 months (12-36 months). The mean dose of botulinum toxin (BT) was 5.6±1.8IU...

Surgical treatment outcomes and predictors for consecutive exotropia

This retrospective study presented the long-term results of consecutive exotropia surgery and its prognostic factors, and compared efficacy of medial rectus advancement, lateral rectus recession, or a combination of both. Patients were treated between 2000–2020. Mean age was 33.98 ±17.68...

Phaco-ECP vs. Phaco alone to treat glaucoma

This retrospective review compared combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) to phaco alone in patients with mild to moderate glaucoma. Outcome measures included cumulative full and qualified success survival, postintervention IOP and ocular anti-hypertensive medication reduction. Full success was defined...

Are single IOP measurements adequate for estimating the effect of IOP lowering interventions?

The World Glaucoma Association recommends that, to assess the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of medication or surgery, the mean of multiple measurements of postoperative IOP is a better reflection of IOP than a single measurement of postoperative IOP. The...

Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy

Fenofibrate is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) which is used as a lipid-lowering agent. By reducing blood lipid levels, it can decrease retinal hard exudates which is beneficial in diabetic retinopathy (DR). FIELD and ACCORD studies show that...

Stromal cell alignment in damaged cornea

Stromal keratocytes are responsible for wound healing in the cornea following damage. Keratocytes at the site of injury become activated and differentiate to myofibroblasts which secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) to close the wound, a response mediated by transforming growth factor...