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2018 update on intravitreal injections

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
In this review article the authors have highlighted the standardised and structured approach to intravitreal injections (IVI) by examining the recent evidence-based literature. IVI is the most commonly performed procedure worldwide with low potential risk of endophthalmitis. IOP spikes are...

Transient thickening of the macular retinal nerve fibre layer in acute optic neuritis

1 December 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology | Optic neuritis, axonal degeneration, neurofilament protein, retina, tissue
Acute optic neuritis (ON) causes axonal degeneration, which can be quantified from the blood by neurofilament protein (Nf) levels. Within about three months, atrophy of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) follows. However, it remains challenging to explain why there...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Association between neurodegeneration and macular perfusion in the progression of diabetic retinopathy

9 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal | Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, Progression, Retinopathy, Vessel closure
In this prospective three-year longitudinal study, the authors aimed to explore the relation between retinal neurodegenerative changes and vessel closure (VC) in individuals with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The participants included 74 individuals with type 2 diabetes, NPDR, and Early...
Neuro-Ophthalmology journal cover image

Patterns of binocular diplopia in giant cell arteritis (GCA)

3 February 2023 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology | Diplopia, giant cell arteritis, population-based
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous vasculitis that targets medium and large sized vessels. Binocular diplopia has been reported in a small number of patients with visual manifestations of GCA. It can be caused by ischaemia in any segment...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Type 3 macular neovascularisation (MNV) due to age-related macular degeneration

3 October 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This paper systematically reviews and summarises the current knowledge on type 3 neovascularisation due to age-related macular degeneration which is defined as neovascularisation originating from the retinal deep capillary plexus that grows towards the outer retina often penetrating the level...

The 2021-2022 ophthalmology ST1 application process

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
Harry Rosen updates us on what is involved in the current UK Ophthalmology Specialist Training (OST) programme application process. The process of applying to the UK Ophthalmology Specialist Training (OST) programme is constantly changing each year, adapting to the needs...

Visual disturbance heralding stroke: are we seeing the signs in time?

6 April 2021 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Isolated visual symptoms may be an early presenting feature of stroke, and timely recognition of such atypical cases is important because treatment for stroke has a limited time-window of efficacy. Stroke occurs in approximately 150,000 people per year in the...

DR-NET National DR Workshop in Tanzania: Policy, training and technology

4 August 2025 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of moderate to severe visual impairment (VI) and blindness worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the...

Study flags evidence gaps in AI eye imaging devices approved for patient care

16 June 2025 | AI, Oculomics, Imaging, UCL, NIHR
Uneven evidence and poor data transparency revealed in review of AI as a medical device. A review of regulator-approved medical AI models in eye care has found that they vary widely in providing evidence for clinical performance and lacked transparency...

Specialty doctor interviews

1 February 2019 | | EYE - General
I started my training as an ophthalmologist in the Wild West of Carmarthenshire where I did my first laser procedure, first phacoemulsification and first slit-lamp examination. All of these firsts were done under the tutelage of very skilled staff grade...

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: a case study

3 June 2024 | | EYE - General
A 44-year-old patient presents with binocular, mostly horizontal diplopia when fixating on moving objects. This has been ongoing for approximately five years. He is known to have multiple sclerosis and had an episode of optic neuritis six years prior in...

The blue-light hazard – is it true?

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Simerdip Kaur takes a look at the latest ophthalmology-related news stories and asks which are based on facts and which are ‘fake news’. Headline: The blue-light hazard – is it true? Blue light is part of the visible optical spectrum...