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Capacity-strengthening for diabetic retinopathy services in low- and middle-income countries

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Introduction DR-NET eye health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have, since 2015, been able to access training in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading provided by Gloucestershire Retinal Education Group (GREG). GREG, led by Professor Peter Scanlon and based at...

Embryology in clinical practice

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

Orbital cellulitis - an overview of the diagnosis and management

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Periorbital (preseptal) and orbital cellulitis are infections of the subcutaneous tissues of the eye. They are differentiated by the location of the infection. Periorbital cellulitis refers to infection of the eyelid and subcutaneous tissues anterior to the orbital septum, whereas...

Ocular bubbly: a vitreoretinal update on the art of gases

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The authors remind us of the revolutionary impact gases have had on retinal surgery. In 1938, Rosengren attempted to improve his retina repair surgical outcomes [1]. He discovered that suturing the retina or pressing externally on the sclera were not...

How to write and publish a case report – tips and common pitfalls

2 August 2024 | | EYE - General
Ophthalmology is an extremely popular specialty, with the competition ratio at ST1 level entry being 10:1 in 2023 [1]. Consequently, applicants are required to achieve higher portfolio scores to remain competitive. For those considering a career in ophthalmology, two points...

The increasing privatisation of ophthalmology: How has and how will it affect resident doctors?

20 August 2025 | | EYE - Cataract
It’s well known that the rising number of private ophthalmology providers in the UK have continued to increase their market share in providing various services. Referrals from NHS trusts have continued to increase with nearly 60% of cataract operations being...

The refractive index in the eye lens – implications for clinical practice and optical design

1 August 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The eye may appear to be a comparatively simple organ and yet its optical system is complex and continues to be a source of investigation and research. The major optical elements are considered to be the cornea and the lens...

Advances in cataract surgery

1 April 2018 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
This article covers recent clinical findings in mydriasis and anaesthesia for cataract surgery, shared by Sathish Srinivasan and Keith Davey at a surgical meeting in Manchester. Towards dropless cataract surgery Day case cataract surgery is the standard of care in...

Ophthalmology in the developing world

1 April 2014 | | EYE - General
After the second year of medical school, I spent my summer vacation working as a volunteer for a small Italian non-government organisation (NGO), named HEALTH-AID. As part of my volunteering experience, I joined a team of European doctors, medical students...

Intracameral antibiotics in cataract surgery: current evidence base

1 August 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Following on from our recent online survey*, the authors examine the use of intracameral cefuroxime as the standard of care in cataract surgery. Cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the...

Preoperative povidone iodine: weighing the risks

1 October 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Following on from our recent online survey, the authors examine the potential risks and benefits of diluting the concentration preoperative povidone iodine. Povidone iodine (PI) is an iodophore that has an established use as a broad-spectrum antiseptic, mainly for the...

Ophthalmic learning through the lens of cognitivism and constructivism

9 October 2020 | | EYE - General
Learning in ophthalmology is multi-faceted, from understanding the fundamentals of eye anatomy and physiology to higher order skills such as performing cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Having a strong foundation in the basics is a necessity for higher order knowledge synthesis,...