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Genetic analysis of choroideremia families

Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare X linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy. Symptoms include nyctalopia and progressive peripheral field loss. Female carriers may have mild symptoms. Choroideremia is known to be caused by a mutation in the CHM gene. A multicentre human...

Understanding the pachychoroid disease spectrum

This article provides a comprehensive review of the pachychoroid disease spectrum, a group of chorioretinal disorders characterised by abnormal choroidal thickening and various pathological changes in the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and retina. It also highlights the controversies and knowledge...

Management of retinal diseases: highlights from the AAO 2019 Retina Subspecialty Day Meeting

The author highlights current debate, opinion and late breaking developments in the management of retinal diseases. The American Academy of Ophthalmology’s 2019 Retina Subspecialty Day Meeting was held on 11-12 October, 2019 in San Francisco, USA. Established and emerging innovative...

Should points for simulated surgery be removed from the ophthalmology ST1 evidence folder?

The benefits of the Eyesi surgical simulator by Haag-Streit UK for early career ophthalmology speciality trainees are well-established, allowing for the practice of cataract and vitreoretinal surgery in a controlled, risk-free environment. Whilst the Eyesi is an invaluable resource for...

A new observation point: updating the nomenclature and classification with OCT

The evolution of ophthalmic imaging technologies has been particularly rapid over the last few years. The author provides an update of the current terms for common signs and pathologies observed using optical coherence tomography. My experience as an ophthalmic technician,...

Simulated ocular surgery – strabismus surgery

See also Simulated ocular surgery and Simulated ocular surgery: pars plane vitrectomy and scleral buckling surgery Strabismus surgery requires a range of skills, distinct to those required for intraocular surgery. Even if a trainee does not plan to become a...

Technique of deep corneal foreign body removal

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The objective is to demonstrate a method for the safe and successful...

Development of eyecare services in Dominica: Past, present, and future

Dominica is a small island developing state in the Caribbean with a population of approximately 73,000 people [1] and has a long and proud history of developing eyecare services through international partnerships. This article will give you an outline of...

Psychiatric Consequences of Ophthalmic Disease

In part two of this series on ophthalmology and psychiatry, the authors will cover the possible psychiatric consequences of ophthalmic disease. The following conditions will be discussed: a. Black patch psychosis b. Psychological state in blindness c. Phobias in the...

Ophthalmic learning through the lens of cognitivism and constructivism

Learning in ophthalmology is multi-faceted, from understanding the fundamentals of eye anatomy and physiology to higher order skills such as performing cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Having a strong foundation in the basics is a necessity for higher order knowledge synthesis,...

Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept: safety analysis

Ziv-Aflibercept (Zaltrap; Sanofi-Aventis U.S LLS, Bridgewater, NJ) was originally introduced as an intravenous formulation for metastatic colorectal cancer. The adoption of Ziv-Aflibercept in ophthalmic practice was similar to bevacizumab, and reports have previously examined one to two year visual outcomes...

Use of pattern-reversal VEP in congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) assessment

The authors conducted pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and report the correlates with visual acuity, fundus alterations and severity of microcephaly at birth. This was a cross-sectional study of 37 children with...