In this Japanese retrospective cohort study, the authors examined records of 416 consecutive orbital fracture patients treated over a 10-year period at a single institution. The study identified ocular complications occurring in 9.5% of the cases, with traumatic mydriasis, hyphaemia and commotio retinae being the most common. Multivariate logistic regression identified sports-related injury (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.73–2.77, p<0.01), male sex (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.12–2.03, p<0.01), non-trapdoor fracture (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.80, p<0.05), combined medial wall and orbital floor fractures (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67, p=0.02) and zygomatic or maxilla bone fracture (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00–1.79, p<0.05) as independent predictors of ocular complications. Sports-related injury, particularly those associated with golf and baseball, showed the highest rate of ocular complications, with golf-related orbital fractures resulting in a 100% complication rate and baseball-related orbital fractures resulting in a 38.1% complication rate. This review illustrates the high risk for ocular complications in sports (namely golf and baseball related) injuries. Appropriate eye protection should be recommended for these sports. Combined medial wall and orbital floor fractures and zygomatic or maxilla bone fracture are risk factors for ocular complications. In patients with orbital injuries arising from sport, a comprehensive ocular examination should also be performed.
Risk factors for ocular complications following orbital fractures
Reviewed by Su Young
Risk factors for ocular complications following orbital fractures: a large–scale multivariate analysis.
CONTRIBUTOR
Su Young
Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK.
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