Journal Reviews

Differential inhibition of EAU by CTLA4 and IL-6

1 February 2016 | | Retina / Uvea / Vitreous | Biologic, CTLA4, Cytokine, Experimental autoimmune uveitis, T cell, Uveitis

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) binds both CD80 and Cd86 and inhibits T lymphocyte activation via CD28. Il-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with many autoimmune conditions including uveitis. Blockade of these molecules by either CTLA4-Ig, a...

Rituximab as an immunosuppression treatment for thyroid eye disease

1 October 2015 | | Neuro-Ophthalmology | Biologic therapy, Graves disease, Graves orbitopathy, ophthalmopathy rituximab, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease is traditionally treated with high dose glucocorticosteroids and surgical orbital decompression, where responses are often inadequate. This medical treatment is centred around symptom control and reduction of thyroid hormone synthesis, not immunosuppression. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal...