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Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea monitoring functionality on smartwatches: a new frontier for ophthalmologists

Dawn of a new era in wearable technology? Smartwatches have really stepped up their game and have evolved from telling time to keeping an eye on our health. In February 2024, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave...

Iris-claw IOL implantation: Indications, outcomes and complications

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. A comprehensive study evaluating the clinical indications, visual outcomes and complication rates...

Efficacy of browpexy with blepharoplasty

This is a retrospective case series evaluating the efficacy of and comparing the surgical results between internal (IB) and external browpexy (EB) surgery in lifting central and lateral brow. Patients who underwent blepharoplasty without brow lift were used as a...

OCT changes in chronic optic neuropathy

The authors evaluated optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in 10 patients who suffered various types of chronic optic neuropathies. Glaucoma is known to cause a decrease in peripapillary perfused capillary density on OCT angiography. However, other optic neuropathies have not...

Ultrasound imaging of the eyes

Since its initial use in the eyes fifty years ago, ultrasound has established itself as a common diagnostic technique in ophthalmology. Sonographers, engineers and clinicians from all around the world have contributed to the development of ocular ultrasonography. As a...

Retinal arteriovenous malformation

A 24-year-old Caucasian girl reported to the eye clinic with the complaint of painless decreased vision in her right eye. She had no history of infectious disease, trauma, systemic malignancy or other systemic complaint. Her best corrected visual acuity was...

OCT Angiography in Retinal and Macular Diseases

OCT angiography (OCT-A) is based on the concept that in a static eye, the only moving structure in the fundus of the eye is blood flowing through the vessels. This book explains how the technique allows a depth-resolved analysis and...

Lateral tarsal strip with skin-muscle flap excision in entropion

This was a retrospective study looking at effectiveness of skin-muscle flap in conjunction with a lateral tarsal strip for the correction of involutional entropion. Lateral tarsal strip was combined with a subciliary incision from canthotomy to just lateral to lacrimal...

Breakthroughs in the genetics of angle-closure glaucoma

Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is not widely known to be a familial condition, yet the recent explosion of genetic data and large scale genome wide investigations have confirmed at least 13 genetic loci associated with ACG [1], and provided some...

Correlation between aqueous flare and macular microvascular status in diabetes mellitus

The authors report a cross-sectional study which was conducted to investigate the correlation between aqueous flare and macular microvascular status, assessed by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diabetes mellitus. Fifty-two diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy, 44 diabetic patients without...

Through the eyes of artists, part three: Strabismus or eye dominance? Da Vinci and Rembrandt

So far, we have seen how cataract impacted the works by Monet and Cassatt and witnessed how Degas and O’Keeffe adapted their practices in the face of retinal degeneration. In this final article, we cast an eye over works by...