You searched for "Refraction"
From dry eyes to glaucoma: How the menopause impacts your eyes and what to do about it, according to an optician
Menopause, much like entering puberty, comes with hormonal disruptions that change a woman's body and behaviour. Some of the first visible side effects are hot flushes, weight gain, and acne, accompanied by behavioural symptoms like mood swings, insomnia, and brain...The embryology of the eye
Nobody claims to like embryology. At least nobody I know. It has been a neglected part of the curriculum since time immemorial and a vicious cycle occurs in which those with an incomplete understanding fail to appreciate the inherent beauty...The screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
A male child is born at 31 weeks and requires 100% oxygen supplementation with intensive care. What would be the ophthalmic management of this child? In the first instance, it will be useful to know the screening criteria and protocol....
PALs use for convergence excess esotropia
This retrospective study includes a disparate group of 39 esotropic patients with an accommodative element from two different clinics with differing prescribing practices. Seven children were excluded due to previous treatment or insufficient follow-up. In all patients single vision glasses...My top five: Emerging alternatives to manage and treat nAMD
Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, in which new blood vessels from the choroid invade through Bruch’s membrane. These blood vessels proliferate beneath or through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), causing patients to...My Top Five: Emerging alternatives to manage and treat nAMD
Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, in which new blood vessels from the choroid invade through Bruch’s membrane. These blood vessels proliferate beneath or through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), causing patients to...Evolving towards an interventional glaucoma mindset
Traditionally, a newly diagnosed glaucoma patient would be treated first with medical therapy. As the disease progressed or the initial intervention failed to adequately control intraocular pressure (IOP), clinicians would add more drops, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), repeated SLT and...The assessment of pupils and pupillary reactions
Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...
