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JAAPOS journal cover image.

Risk factors identified for glaucoma progression in paediatric glaucoma suspects

11 January 2024 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
A retrospective case review was conducted of children (<18 years) identified as being glaucoma suspects using common clinical criteria or the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network definition. Exclusion criteria included penetrating ocular trauma, treated ocular hypertension / glaucoma and use of...

Disseminated cutaneous zoster – a masquerade

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Cornea
Reactivation of varicella zoster infection in the elderly commonly presents to ophthalmologists as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), affecting the Va trigeminal dermatome. In patients with impaired immunity, zoster infection occurs with increased severity and may be complicated by visceral and...

Update on emerging therapies for age-related macular degeneration

4 December 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The 23rd European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA) Congress, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, provided a timely update on anti-complement therapy for geographic atrophy and emerging investigational therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Anti-complement therapy for geographic atrophy Geographic atrophy...

The role of spectral-domain OCT RNFL in revealing a pituitary adenoma with atypical visual fields

3 April 2026 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
Pituitary adenomas classically cause bitemporal hemianopia by compressing the optic chiasm. However, in some cases, the pattern of visual field loss may be atypical and mimic homonymous hemianopia, depending on the direction and extent of tumour expansion. Spectral-domain optical coherence...
Ophthalmologica journal cover image.

Macular characteristics in unilateral idiopathic FTMH and fellow eyes

2 June 2025 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This retrospective observational study, conducted at a single site, aimed to compare characteristics of the macular structure and foveal pit in unilateral full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) and healthy fellow eyes. Full-thickness macular holes were further classified into three categories: (1)...
Reflections of a Pupil book cover image.

Reflections of a Pupil: What Your Med School and Ophthalmology Textbooks Can’t Teach You (But What Your Mentors, Colleagues and Patients Will)

3 April 2023 | | EYE - General
Reflections of a Pupil is a thought-provoking collection of anecdotes, clinical pearls and life lessons written by Ophthalmologist R Rishi Gupta. While ophthalmologists have a seemingly endless collection of textbooks to choose from to build their knowledge, this book offers...
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery journal front cover image.

Pupil abnormalities after orbital surgery

3 April 2023 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit
This is a retrospective review of 287 patients who underwent removal of an orbital cavernous haemangioma (cavernous venous malformation), to ascertain the incidence of surgically induced pupillary abnormalities. Forty-four patients had lesions removed from the anterior or extraconal orbit, none...

Quiz Aug/Sep 2025

4 August 2025 | | EYE - Cornea
History A 78-year-old female presented with bilateral, painless, progressive blurring of vision over five years, photophobia and increasing glare. Her past medical history included a known diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). On examination, vision in the left...

Study calls for thorough investigation of patients with early signs of retinal vascular disease

2 February 2024 | Paracentral acute middle maculopathy, PAMM, moorfields, research, oculomics
Patients with the eye condition Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy (PAMM) would benefit from further investigation, as their risk of heart attacks and strokes may be greater than previously shown, suggests a new study led by researchers at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Neovascular AMD: fresh recommendations underline standards of best practice

1 December 2013 |
The management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has advanced dramatically over the past seven years, with the introduction of targeted new therapies that successfully maintain or improve vision in a majority of affected individuals. It’s a fast moving field,...

Oct/Nov 2015 Quiz

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
History A 16-year-old female presents with bilateral ocular irritation. The patient has a history of seasonal rhinitis and eczema and complains of itchy eyes, especially during the summer months. Examination shows bilateral mucoid discharge, conjunctival injection and eversion of both...

My Top Five: Red flag presentations all resident doctors must know

18 December 2025 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Ophthalmic emergencies are time-critical situations where delays in recognition or management can lead to permanent vision loss [1]. For resident doctors and medical students, identifying these red flags can be daunting, especially given the complexity of the eye and its...