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Principles of contact lens fitting in keratoconus

1 December 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Keratoconus is an ectatic condition of the cornea characterised by progressive conical distortion with irregular astigmatism, myopia and apical protrusion. Most cases progress slowly resulting in varying degrees of myopic astigmatism. Management of keratoconus includes spectacles, soft contact lenses, a...

Measuring patient-reported outcomes after refractive surgery to assess patient satisfaction

1 June 2019 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Patient-reported outcomes enable surgeons to evaluate patients’ symptoms and satisfaction after laser vision correction. The great majority of patients are pleased with their outcomes from laser vision correction, whether it is with photorefractive keratectomy, laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK), or small...

A missed intraocular telescope – an opportunity to re-focus the evidence

4 February 2021 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Intraocular telescopes allow magnification of the image so that it would be projected into a larger area of the macula, this makes the central defect caused by dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) smaller. The most common approach is a Galilean...

Dementia and visual impairment: what is the relationship and are we providing the best care?

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
Carla Maden discusses the implications of living with both dementia and visual impairment, and how general medical junior doctors and ophthalmologists can help to alleviate this burden and improve the quality of life of such patients. Dementia and visual impairment...

Understanding spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): what do we know?

2 August 2022 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - General
Introduction Formerly known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), space-related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is defined by a collection of ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-term spaceflight [1]. Changes in the eyeball, such as hyperopic shift, during...

Implications of missed foreign bodies under the upper eyelid

9 August 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Oculoplastic
Children aren’t the best historians. As a result, clinicians sometimes rely on the accounts of parents regarding problems. Missed foreign bodies due to poor histories or incomplete examinations may result in irreversible loss of vision. This case report shines light...

My top five: Emerging alternatives to manage and treat nAMD

3 April 2024 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, in which new blood vessels from the choroid invade through Bruch’s membrane. These blood vessels proliferate beneath or through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), causing patients to...

My Top Five: Emerging alternatives to manage and treat nAMD

3 April 2024 | | EYE - General
Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterised by choroidal neovascularisation, in which new blood vessels from the choroid invade through Bruch’s membrane. These blood vessels proliferate beneath or through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), causing patients to...

Two cases of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Syphilis has re-emerged as a significant public health concern, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that 8 million adults aged 15–49 acquired syphilis in 2022. Untreated syphilis can have severe consequences, including cardiovascular, neurological and ocular complications. Ocular manifestations...

Burning vision: vision loss from misuse of ‘toy’ laser pens in children

1 April 2014 | | EYE - Cornea
A case series of five children with macular burns due to the misuse of novelty laser products, purchased online or abroad, was undertaken at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital and The Children’s Hospital, Sheffield [1]. All patients were from the Sheffield...

Behind the curtain: What trainees wish they knew before starting in ophthalmology

10 November 2025 | | EYE - General
As a foundation year doctor, I didn’t expect ophthalmology to feature much in acute medicine or surgery. Yet it kept appearing at the periphery – and when it did, it was often complex and unexpectedly urgent. A confused older patient...

Vitreomacular traction and full thickness macular hole

1 December 2017 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - Imaging
Clinical scenario: A 64-year-old lady presented to the clinic with a few weeks history of sudden onset of metamorphopsia, central blur and reduced vision in her right eye. The ocular examination and ocular coherence tomography confirmed right eye focal vitreomacular...