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Congenital cataract

Congenital cataract is the clouding or opacification of the lens that occurs at birth or weeks after (infantile cataract). They can be unilateral or bilateral and vary in form, size and location, and consequently the visual impact, management course and...

My Top Five: Promising gene therapies for ocular conditions

Gene therapy, a pivotal advancement in modern medicine, particularly shines in ophthalmology. By targeting defective genes with engineered vectors, this approach promises significant strides in treating inherited retinal diseases. This article reviews the top five gene therapies in late-stage trials,...

Beyond vision loss: Why doctors should know about Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Over 250 years have passed since Charles Bonnet’s seminal essay, in which he described the symptoms of the syndrome that now takes his name [1]. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) describes the occurrence of visual hallucinations in people with significant visual...

My Top Five: Innovations in the diagnosis of ocular tumours

Ocular tumours can vary widely in origin, from benign growths to metastases from distant disseminated malignancies. Although rare, ocular tumours pose a significant health and economic burden globally, with ocular cancers accounting for 0.2% of all diagnosed malignancies in the...

Revolutionising eyecare: Gloucestershire’s Community Ophthalmic Link delivers nationally significant results

Ophthalmology is the largest outpatient specialty in the NHS, and in Gloucestershire, it is growing at an annual rate of 2.55%, outpacing other specialties. However, rising demand has led to significant waiting lists, often resulting in patients not being seen...

Tricks and tips for paediatric refraction

Refraction is an important part of the paediatric eye examination but can sometimes be challenging. If a child struggles to co-operate with the eye examination, how can one ensure that the best outcome is achieved? There are tips here which...

High-stakes scenarios in retinal vein occlusion: A survey of medico-legal implications

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, and its clinical complexity often intersects with medico-legal scrutiny [1]. Missteps in timely diagnosis, inadequate follow-up or poor documentation can lead to patient harm...

Navigating the retina: the nitty-gritty of slit-lamp fundus examination

The slit-lamp fundus examination can be a difficult and disorientating task for beginners due to the retina being viewed in a non-anatomical orientation, the small area of retina illuminated, and the counterintuitive technique of the examination. This article provides a...

Four pillars: Exploring eye exigencies

This series explores the four pillars of advanced clinical practice and here, Jem Ann Bautista explores the pillar of clinical practice. As day case theatre practitioners in one of London’s biggest and busiest centres, our team is trained to cater...

Surgical strategies to manage incomitant strabismus in adults

Incomitant vertical and / or horizontal strabismus is a challenging presentation. Patients are usually symptomatic as the onset is either sudden so they haven’t developed any coping mechanisms or very complex so that any coping mechanisms will not cover all...

From Moorfields to Mombasa: The tale of two ophthalmology electives

Ophthalmology fascinates me because the field uniquely combines microsurgical precision with immediate, life-changing outcomes, spanning nine distinct subspecialties that seamlessly integrate medicine, surgery and cutting-edge technology. Put simply, few single organs can match the breadth and depth of pathology the...

The management of retinal vein occlusions: a summary

Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are the most common cause of visual loss from retinal vascular disease second to diabetic retinopathy. Vision is lost due to ischaemia, macular oedema and / or haemorrhage which ultimately effects a patient’s quality of life...