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The effect of everolimus on retinal pigment epithelium and proliferative vitreo-retinopathy

The principal cells involved in proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) are retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Everolimus is a drug used in renal cell carcinoma which targets and inhibits a key regulatory protein in cancer (mTOR). In this study, the authors investigated...

A relationship between central serous retinopathy and obstructive sleep apnoea

This prospective study aimed to evaluate a relationship between central serous retinopathy (CSR) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Twenty-three subjects (six female and 17 male) were diagnosed with CSR and overnight polysonography was performed to record desaturation and apnoeic episodes....

Review of bupivacaine use in treatment of strabismus

This review aimed to assess the applications of bupivacaine (B) in the non-surgical treatment of strabismus in human and animal studies. Animal studies show that singly-innervated fibres with low concentrations of mitochondria and developed sarcoplasmic reticulum are more affected by...

Surgical correction of lacrimal gland prolapse

This is a systematic review of published literature on the management of lacrimal gland prolapse or ptosis. The authors found 16 publications which contained a description of any surgical correction of a prolapsed lacrimal gland, comprising seven case reports, four...

Diagnosis and management of paediatric keratoconus

This article reviews the current literature on paediatric keratoconus diagnosis and management. Paediatric cases pose challenges as they may not vocalise unilateral changes, difficulty in obtaining reliable imaging, faster rates of progression, difficultly with contact lenses and presumed worse outcomes...

Burden of caregiving for children with eye diseases

This review was conducted to examine the existent literature and characterise the psychological impact of caregiving for children with various eye diseases. The factors associated with the burden of caregiving were discussed in the context of each eye disease identified....

Strabismus prevalence in a Pakistan population

The aim of this study was to compile the available literature reporting the prevalence of strabismus in Pakistan and calculate the pooled prevalence of strabismus in the Pakistan population. Meta analysis was conducted with 10 studies with a total of...

IVTA for diabetic macular edema and macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for diabetic macular oedema (DME) and macular oedema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). A systematic literature search for randomised controlled trials...

Understanding and confronting bacterial endophthalmitis

Abdus Samad Ansari highlights the importance of early recognition of this condition using an unusual presentation. Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency with devastating consequences. Despite adequate treatment, severe cases frequently result in permanent blindness. Endophthalmitis involves inflammation of both the...

Innovations in ophthalmology: what can the innovations of the past teach us about tomorrow?

BUOS Prize Essay – 2nd prize winner for 2013 submissions Introduction An essay titled Innovations in Ophthalmology might choose to focus on the history; from cataract couching to femtosecond lasers, ophthalmology has had no shortage of topics worthy of discussion....

High quality retinal image grading and management service by the NetwORC UK

In 2004 a network of three ophthalmic reading centres in Belfast, London and Liverpool (known as NetwORC UK) was established to form the largest reading centre in Europe for the purpose of providing high quality grading of ophthalmic images for...

Sustainability in eyecare: Aravind Eye Hospital’s low carbon eyecare system

The field of healthcare has a substantial impact on the environment as it is responsible for 5-10% of greenhouse gas emissions and 9% of air pollutant generation [1]. Surgery is associated with the rapid consumption of single-use products and waste...