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Current Eye Research journal cover image.

Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy

3 April 2026 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Fenofibrate is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) which is used as a lipid-lowering agent. By reducing blood lipid levels, it can decrease retinal hard exudates which is beneficial in diabetic retinopathy (DR). FIELD and ACCORD studies show that...

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 1)

3 February 2023 | | EYE - General
Part 1: Epidemiology, classification, radiology, histopathology and associations (see Part 2 here) In this two-part series, Li Yen Goh reviews IgG4 disease and reminds us of diagnostic challenges faced. Introduction Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) disease is a recently recognised idiopathic systemic...

Quiz Jun/Jul 2024

3 June 2024 | | EYE - Oncology, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Pathology, EYE - General
History A one-year-old girl originally presented with a red eye, initially bilaterally and later in the left only. On examination a membrane was found on the tarsal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid (Figure 1). Figure 1: Anterior segment. Serum plasminogen...
Strabismus journal front cover image.

Review of bupivacaine use in treatment of strabismus

5 June 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
This review aimed to assess the applications of bupivacaine (B) in the non-surgical treatment of strabismus in human and animal studies. Animal studies show that singly-innervated fibres with low concentrations of mitochondria and developed sarcoplasmic reticulum are more affected by...
Acta Ophthalmologica cover image.

Ocular characteristics in Marfan syndrome

1 February 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive | Marfan syndrome, aphakia, axial length, cataract, ectopia lentis, flattened cornea, myopia, pseudophakia, retinal detachment
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder with clinical manifestations associated with cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal organ systems. Typical signs are descending aortic root aneurysms, ectopia lentis, tall stature and scoliosis. This observational study looked at the ocular characteristics, visual...

Corneal dystrophies simplified

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Cornea
Based on biomicroscopic and histopathologic features, corneal dystrophies can be broadly classified into epithelial, Bowman’s layer / anterior stromal, stromal, and endothelial dystrophies. Corneal dystrophies are a group of inherited, bilateral, gradually progressing, non- inflammatory conditions caused by accumulation of...

Neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy with imaging abnormalities in the occipital lobe – how to counsel the parents

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
Case A baby boy, with a background of intrauterine growth restriction, was born at 37 weeks and three days gestation via forceps delivery. The baby was born in poor condition, with low heart rate, poor respiratory rate, poor colour and...

World's strongest blind man heads for Aberdeenshire’s Dinnie Stones

30 July 2026 | charity, patient stories
The world’s strongest disabled man will be coming to Aberdeenshire to become the first blind person to lift the legendary Dinnie Stones. Blind strongman Evan Schwerbrock, who was crowned World's Strongest Disabled Man earlier this year, will travel from Waco,...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

Principles of management

1 August 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Pathology
Whatever section of pathology is to blame and wherever it strikes, the aim of treatment is always the same. Find the cause if you can. Establish the effects of the cause. Halt the pathological process if you can. Reverse its...

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs)

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
The term congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) was introduced by Gutowski et al. in 2003 to describe strabismus conditions that result from developmental error in innervation of some of the extraocular muscles. Examples of these conditions include Duane’s syndrome and...

The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of DMO

1 February 2016 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a major cause of visual loss in diabetes, with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. In the UK alone it is estimated that there are nearly 2.5 million diabetic patients aged over 12 years. Approximately 65,000 of...