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The management of chronic uveitis

A 40-year-old company executive is referred from another unit with recurrent anterior and posterior uveitis for 12 months and the inflammatory markers are raised. Review of systems This is a case of chronic uveitis which needs a thorough workup and...

Effects of phacoemulsification on IOP and drug use in glaucoma

For patients with comorbid cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), guidance is lacking as to whether cataract extraction and traditional filtering surgery should be performed as a staged or combined procedure. Achieving this guidance requires an evidence-based understanding of the...

GDPR, email and private practice

A new set of data protection regulations became law in the EU (including the UK) in May 2018. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) replaces the 1988 Data Protection Act. The regulation brings new rights and expectations about how our personal...

Expensive Malware

Cryptolocker and similar ransomware There is a new breed of computer malware that is spreading rapidly. The first major manifestation of this new type is known as Cryptolocker. At present it’s a Windows only problem (all versions), but it’s likely...

Principles of contact lens fitting in keratoconus

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition of the cornea characterised by progressive conical distortion with irregular astigmatism, myopia and apical protrusion. Most cases progress slowly resulting in varying degrees of myopic astigmatism. Management of keratoconus includes spectacles, soft contact lenses, a...

Introducing BEAMS: A new national society for medical retina specialists

The specialty of medical retina is evolving. Initially, limited to pattern recognition and in later times, laser treatment, the past 20 years has seen an explosion of intravitreal therapies and a very rich pipeline resulting in sight-saving outcomes and hope...

Conference Report: EUDEC 2025

This year, the European Dry Eye Society held its annual Congress in the historic city of Krakow, Poland. The Congress location was Fabryczna 13, a modern complex located in the restored buildings of an old vodka factory built in the...

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age-related cataracts

Cataractogenesis occurs as a result of ageing, smoking, exposure to UV radiation and genetic predisposition. Antioxidants can reduce the cataract risk as found in animal models and humans and vitamin D is one of them. This epidemiological study based in...

Sex differences in the relationship between obesity and choroidal nevus in US adults

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); a population-based survey conducted annually in the US by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used to identify populations at higher risk for choroidal naevus. Over a period of four...

Surgical oculocardiac reflex

The authors evaluated the incidence of oculocardiac reflex (OCR) during strabismus surgery to determine its associated risk factors at a tertiary referral centre. Seventy-six patients were reviewed; 51.3% male and a mean age of 15±12 years. Strabismus surgery was bilateral...

Marcus Gunn jaw winking without ptosis

This is a review of 72 cases of Marcus-Gunn jaw winking syndrome. The authors reviewed all their congenital ptoses seen over a 16 year period and found 72 Marcus-Gunn cases of out of a total of 848 patients. Within the...

MR- vs. LR+ for divergence insufficiency

A retrospective study was conducted to compare the efficacy of medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection as surgical interventions for divergence insufficiency in 18 patients. These were cases of non-neurological cause. Two patients in each group required postoperative adjustment....