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Ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which there is dissemination of lesions in time (two or more clinical events) and space (multiple lesions seen on brain and spinal imaging). The pathophysiology...

Two cases of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis

Syphilis has re-emerged as a significant public health concern, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that 8 million adults aged 15–49 acquired syphilis in 2022. Untreated syphilis can have severe consequences, including cardiovascular, neurological and ocular complications. Ocular manifestations...

Moorfields: Clinical electrophysiology of vision 2025

A highly sought after accredited virtual course delivered by world-renowned experts at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. Course structureThis course will feature live on-line lectures by an international faculty, interactive question and answer sessions and case discussions....

Neuro-ophthalmology Illustrated (3rd edition)

I have a slight hatred of neuro-ophthalmology. It seems bizarre and foreign to me and I know I’m not the only one who groans at getting a patient with diplopia or a non-specific headache. So I will always be pretty...

Retinal prosthetics: science fiction or a vision for the future?

“Is it a fact – or have I dreamt it – that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?” – Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House...

Anisometropia following cataract surgery and its non-surgical treatment

The desired result of cataract surgery is improved visual acuity without the use of spectacles. In practice most patients following initial cataract extraction are likely to be symptomatic of anisometropia giving rise to prismatic effects (anisophoria) and unequal retinal image...

Chronic dacryocystitis?

Lacrimal drainage system tumours are rare and lymphomas account for less than 10% of these tumours [1]. Most patients presenting with lymphoma infiltration of the lacrimal drainage system have a history of previously diagnosed lymphoma elsewhere. We report a case...

Pituitary tumours: why are they so often missed?

Part 2: Clinical varieties, anatomical considerations and case report (see also Part 1 and Part 3) For ophthalmologists there are four types of pituitary tumour to be considered, three of which are named according to the hormone secreted, along with...

Comparison of two interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) for tuberculous uveitis

In this prospective cohort study the authors compared QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy. They enrolled 120 consecutive new uveitis presentations over a two year period in a tertiary centre. The majority were Chinese (61.3%), followed...

Diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis

This review article provides an update on the methods diagnosing ocular tuberculosis (TB), the difficulties in making the diagnosis and makes recommendations to a more accurate diagnosis by combining the available diagnostic tests. Today ocular TB remains a presumptive clinical...

The bionic eye – behind the headlines

Multiple visual prosthetic projects and other vision regeneration initiatives being tested in preclinical and clinical development worldwide illustrate continuing progress and opportunities in addressing profound blindness from hereditary retinal diseases and other causes (Table 1). Three implantable bionic vision systems...

Cataract surgery in corneal disease

Cataract surgery in the presence of corneal disease presents multiple challenges, from determining whether symptoms are lenticular or corneal in origin, to decisions regarding timing of surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, IOL selection, surgical technique and perioperative care. Realistic...