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Parents urged to get children checked for dry eye disease

20 April 2026 | dry eye, public health
Dry eye disease (DED) has become a feature of teenage and young adult life, rather than a condition which traditionally troubled only the middle-aged. The problem is largely unrecognised, says a leading figure in children’s vision and eyecare, Prof James...

Photophobia: an unusual symptom of a pituitary macroadenoma

2 February 2024 | | EYE - General
Introduction Photophobia, defined as ‘an abnormal intolerance to light’, is commonly associated with a range of both ocular and neurological pathologies such as dry eye, blepharospasm, corneal pathologies, cataracts, uveitis, retinal dystrophies, optic neuritis, migraine, meningitis, and traumatic brain injury...

In the blink of an eye

3 April 2026 | | EYE - General
In this case report series, the author examines the incidence of ocular injuries sustained during game shooting in Scotland between 2012–2018. Precise figures for ocular injuries sustained during game shooting are not available. According to Police Scotland, there were 43,790...

Understanding vasoproliferative retinal tumours

4 February 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Syed Irtiza Ali Shah explores this rare and unusual condition through a fascinating case presentation. Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina (VPTR) are a vascular mass with an associated exudative retinopathy alongside the presence of minimally dilated feeder vessels. This is...

Traumatic injuries from foam Nerf bullets

5 June 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
Background Three patients are presented in this case report: an adult and two children which were subjected to ocular injuries from Nerf gun bullets. Generally, Nerf guns are considered safer than airsoft guns. While there are many papers on airsoft...

Ocular surface special: Ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

11 June 2026 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Pathology
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an uncommon dermatological emergency on the same clinical spectrum as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). SJS is characterised by an acute, immune-mediated attack on the skin and mucous membranes, producing a rapidly progressive erythematous eruption with blistering...

Periocular burns: a literature review of classification, management protocols and outcomes of treatment

1 October 2021 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - General
The author provides a review of the current literature regarding the principles of classification, management protocols of acute ocular and periocular burns and the role of the burn and oculoplastic surgeon involved in their care. More than two-thirds of facial...

Maximising the ocular surface prior to cataract surgery: The old and the new modalities of treatment

3 June 2026 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea
Cataract surgery is among the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Over time, it has evolved from a lens-extraction procedure into a refractive intervention that demands meticulous perioperative planning and precision to achieve optimal outcomes. Optimisation of the ocular surface...

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: the essentials

24 July 2020 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
Herpes zoster, also referred to as shingles, is a common infection most typically caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus that lies dormant (sometime for decades) in the dorsal root nerve ganglion following primary chickenpox infection [1]. In 10-20%...

Effective management of dry eye and ocular surface disease

4 August 2021 | | EYE - General
Experts recommend a consistent approach to diagnosis, therapeutic targeting by disease subtype and escalation of therapy when tear substitutes are not sufficient. Experts call for a consistent, unified approach to diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED), with a new simple...

Randomisation, confounding & observational methods in ophthalmic epidemiology

1 June 2022 | | EYE - General
Randomisation and confounding Understanding the relationship between an exposure and an outcome of interest is the central challenge in ophthalmic epidemiology. The exposure may be aetiological, taking the form of a putative risk biological factor, or therapeutic, in the form...

Acute dellen formation post trauma

1 January 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Corneal dellen are saucer-like thinnings, usually of the peripheral cornea [1]. Dellen formation is thought to be related to localised tear film instability [2], specifically the absence of the mucin component of the tear film. Without the mucin layer, dry...