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ANGPTL-4 inhibition reduces inflammation in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in working-age humans, and numbers are rising due to increased cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is associated with increased obesity and dyslipidaemia, which is a major risk factor...

The writer: publishing my first book as a trainee

Medicine is very hierarchical. Indeed, Hippocrates himself laid the foundation of the apprenticeship that is medical training and while it is the noble duty of the boss to pass on information and ask for tasks to be undertaken as a...

Virtual ophthalmic conferences: learnings from the Covid-19 pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic was the catalyst for a number of paradigm shifts in numerous industries. The demand for proxies that follow social distancing measures created a hotbed for digital solutions and transitioned these to social convention. In the aftermath, the...

Best way to detect glaucoma progression: by reflecting on the past 25 years

Glaucoma – a condition of optic neuropathy leading to progressive visual field loss often associated with raised intraocular pressure. It is fair to say that our definition for this condition has remained unchanged over the last 25 years and the...

Birdshot chorioretinopathy: an important differential

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a relatively uncommon cause of posterior uveitis which often has a relapsing and remitting course [1,2]. We present a case which demonstrates how remission can be obtained for several years using cyclosporine. Case report A 44-year-old...

The eye surgeon and eye physician together: the joint ophthalmic clinic

Since the early 19th century, physicians and surgeons have been working together in eye clinics and hospitals to bring about the best outcome for the patients. From the early Babylonian age, important advances in ophthalmic knowledge arose in a stuttered...

Factors affecting the success of canalicular repairs

This is a ten year retrospective review of 137 canalicular laceration repairs, looking for factors which affected the outcome. A successful outcome was defined as no epiphora at three months or more after removal of the stent. Overall the success...

A three-way partnership between Nigeria, Tanzania and Northern Ireland

VISION 2020 LINKS between Western Health and Social Care Trust (WHSCT), Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Northern Ireland with first ECWA Eye Hospital, Kano, Nigeria and now also with Mbeya Referral Hospital (MRH), Tanzania, have been beneficial to all three partners. From...

Abducens nerve palsy following surgical correction of craniosynostosis

The authors present two cases of unilateral abducens palsy secondary to a recent trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSuDO) operation for craniosynostosis. The basic principle of the TSuDO procedure is described as dissection and distraction of the prematurely fused sutures. This complication...

OSCAR for anterior approach ptosis surgery

The authors report an International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (OSCAR) for anterior approach ptosis surgery. An international panel of content experts, representing Australia, India, Iran, Italy, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States of America...

Ocular manifestation of Marfan Syndrome

This repeated cross-sectional study collected data in 2003-2004 and 2014-2015 to investigate changes in ocular features in Marfan syndrome (MFS) fulfilling the Ghent-2 criteria. Ghent-2 is a set of criteria by which MFS are identified and includes aortic root aneurysm...

Radiologic characteristics of cavernous venous malformations

This study is a retrospective review of cases with a preoperative radiologic diagnosis of cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) over 30 years. The aim of this study was to define imaging characteristics of CVMs, which will help differentiate these lesions from...