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Mast cells in Graves’ ophthalmopathy

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is a potentially sight-threatening ocular disease, occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, GO is characterised by orbital infiltration by immune cells including macrophages, T cells and plasma cells, which...

Interesting causes and consequences of orbital inflammations

Three articles discuss various causes and consequences or orbital cellulitis. The first highlights the possibility of orbital cellulitis causing cavernous sinus thrombosis and in the case presented progression to internal carotid artery aneurysm. The authors highlight the importance of considering...

CD40L activation of human RPE cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of reduced visual acuity in the elderly worldwide. The risk factors involved in AMD include smoking and diet, while genetics have been shown to have a significant role. Recently a link between...

Prostaglandin levels in femto cataract surgery

Following previous reports of pupil size decrease after femtosecond treatment, the authors compare levels of prostaglandins in patients undergoing femtosecond assisted cataract surgery with those having routine cataract surgery. Patients with inflammatory eye disease, previous trauma surgery, age-related macular degeneration...

Inflammatory macular holes

The authors present a case of closure of a full thickness macular hole in a patient with Behçet’s disease, without surgery. The 23-year-old male they describe presented with a history of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers and a genital ulcer. Ocular...

Injection of methotrexate into silicone oil-filled eyes for grade C PVR

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. Folate antagonism is known to contribute to the antiproliferative effects of MTX, and release of adenosine from cells and inhibition of polyamines may explain its anti-inflammatory effects. These activities contribute to...

Review of pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis

In this review, the author summarised the current microbiomic and immunological evidence related to the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK has been described for almost 50 years, but the exact biology of the disease remains perplexing. Acanthamoeba spp. are...

What factors influence attendance at retinopathy of prematurity screening follow-up?

The authors present a retrospective medical notes review of babies attending outpatient appointments for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination, over a 12-month period. The aim of the study was to assess compliance with these appointments at a single centre. Data...