Top Tips archive for October 2022

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Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs)

3 October 2022 | | Ophthalmology

The term congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) was introduced by Gutowski et al. in 2003 to describe strabismus conditions that result from developmental error in innervation of some of the extraocular muscles. Examples of these conditions include Duane’s syndrome and...