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167 results found

BT outcomes under open versus closed sky technique

This retrospective study compared open versus closed sky BT injection techniques without electromyography (EMG) control in 135 patients (31 open sky and 104 closed). Patients were aged 1-50 years for open sky and 2-34 years for closed. There was a...

IgG4 related orbital disease

This retrospective study was done to determine the prevalence of IgG4 related orbital disease (IgG4ROD) in patients who previously had biopsies for suspected idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (IOID) and / or orbital lymphoproliferative disease (OLD). The charts and slides of...

Upper eyelid ulceration as a presenting sign of frontal sinus mucocele

Introduction A sinus mucocele is an epithelium-lined sac filled with mucus and desquamated epithelium. It forms secondary to inflammatory processes that occur in a sinus with an obstructed ostium. Predisposing conditions include previous trauma, surgery, tumours, anatomical abnormalities, and chronic...

Cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis

This is a report of six cases of combined orbital cellulitis and infective cavernous sinus thrombosis, with a literature review. The average age was 39 years, four were male and two were intravenous drug users. All had sinusitis, usually involving...

BT outcomes for accommodative esotropia

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Botulinum Toxin (BT) in refractive and non-refractive accommodative esotropia unresponsive to glasses and poor compliance with glasses. This was a retrospective study of 114 patients who had BT for...

Assaying acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that leads to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Solely ocular manifestations of MG (OMG) occur in 15-50% of cases, most frequently in the form of fluctuating ptosis and diplopia. Most cases of OMG convert later...

Use of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of intermittent exotropia

In this prospective cohort study, the authors aimed to evaluate the efficiency of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection in the treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT) and examine factors affecting treatment outcomes. Seventy-four patients diagnosed with any type of IXT were...

Avoiding investigations through history taking and examinations to differentiate serious from comparably benign aetiology

*Joint first authors. Introduction Anisocoria can be a sign of neurological deficit, necessitating numerous investigations [1]. This case report explores how expensive and time-consuming investigations can be avoided by thorough history taking and examination to differentiate serious from comparably benign...

Effects of phacoemulsification on IOP and drug use in glaucoma

For patients with comorbid cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), guidance is lacking as to whether cataract extraction and traditional filtering surgery should be performed as a staged or combined procedure. Achieving this guidance requires an evidence-based understanding of the...

Video Atlas of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

The second edition Video Atlas of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery by Korn and Kikkawa provides an overview of traditional and contemporary reconstructive and cosmetic eyelid, lacrimal and orbital surgical procedures. The book includes of 1600 intraoperative illustrations, in addition...

Eyelid and Periorbital Surgery (Second Edition)

Many specialities in surgery intersect, allowing for clinical and research collaboration. Plastic surgery and ophthalmology are one such example wherein a number of different principles have been combined in order to develop reconstructive techniques for conditions affecting the orbital soft...

The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...