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A case of Miller Fisher Syndrome and bilateral asymmetric globe retraction

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It was first recognised by James Collier in 1932 as a clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. Later, it...

Using small amplitude saccades to assess saccadic velocity

Saccades are a key component in the assessment and diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmological disorders. Clinicians are typically taught to use large amplitude saccades (LAS) of at least 20 degrees to assess saccadic velocity. It has been suggested, however, that small amplitude...

The expanding spectrum of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

This is a review article from a tertiary centre in Atlanta, US. With rising obesity rates and increasing access for MRI scans there has been a large increase in patients requiring an urgent papilloedema check with incidental findings on MRI...

Moorfields- Botulinum toxin: Is it injector error, side effects or complications July

This course is designed to improve clinical practice and improve the treatment, management and administration of botulinum toxin for blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, bells palsy, gustatory lacrimation and entropion. OverviewDeveloped by Moorfields Adnexal Nurse Consultant Nicola Dunlop and delivered in conjunction...

Moorfields: Botulinum toxin: Is it injector error, side effects or complications

This course is designed to improve clinical practice and improve the treatment, management and administration of botulinum toxin for blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, bells palsy, gustatory lacrimation and entropion. OverviewDeveloped by Moorfields Adnexal Nurse Consultant Nicola Dunlop and delivered in conjunction...

Uveitis in HIV infected persons

Before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), uveitis, in particular cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, was the most common cause of visual loss in patients with AIDS. HAART has altered the cause of ocular disease in HIV infected individuals by...

My message to future ophthalmology teaching fellows: Organising an effective ophthalmology placement

Globally, teaching ophthalmology during the undergraduate period presents challenges. The time allocated for it is minimal with substandard exposure [1,2]. Additionally, the number of universities mandating formal ophthalmology education has significantly declined [3]. Research supports the observation that doctors in...

The medical student syndrome

It is often said that “a little learning is a dangerous thing,” but being super savvy can’t put us at the brink of harm, can it? Each year as thousands of students commence their medical degrees, they begin a journey...

Neuroanatomical structures and eye movements

The aim of this study was to review and critically discuss the role of ocular proprioception in oculomotor control and development of eye motility disorders. The authors considered proprioception, structure and proprioceptors of eye muscles, singly and multiply innervated muscle...

Toxic nutritional optic neuropathy (TON)

Toxic optic neuropathy are a group of conditions manifested by reduction of visual functions secondary to damage to the anterior visual pathways from exposure to a toxin. The implicated toxin could be work-based, food or drink related, or iatrogenic medication....

Avoiding investigations through history taking and examinations to differentiate serious from comparably benign aetiology

*Joint first authors. Introduction Anisocoria can be a sign of neurological deficit, necessitating numerous investigations [1]. This case report explores how expensive and time-consuming investigations can be avoided by thorough history taking and examination to differentiate serious from comparably benign...

Canadian centre experience with ocular cystinosis cases

Ocular cystinosis (OC) is an uncommon recessive genetic disease occurring in about one case per 100–200,000 live births. Patients have accumulation of cystine crystals within tissues. Ocular symptoms include photophobia, blepharospasm, foreign body sensation, retinopathy and visual impairment. Crystals have...