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The lived experience of benign essential blepharospasm

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Oculoplastic
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a rare neurological condition which causes involuntary sustained or intermittent muscular contraction of both eyelids and upper facial muscles which cause closure of eyelids, abnormal facial expressions and distress [1]. The term dystonia is an...

Two cases of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Syphilis has re-emerged as a significant public health concern, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that 8 million adults aged 15–49 acquired syphilis in 2022. Untreated syphilis can have severe consequences, including cardiovascular, neurological and ocular complications. Ocular manifestations...

Orbital airgun pellet injuries: A paediatric case pair

10 December 2025 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics
Airgun injuries to the eye and orbit can be visually devastating. The pellet need not impact the globe directly to cause visual loss, as the cone shaped orbit may funnel the projectile into the orbital apex and optic nerve. We...

Simulating the visual impairment symptoms of age-related macular degeneration in virtual reality

5 June 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
A new virtual reality application visually simulates age-related macular degeneration and demonstrates its progression over time including some Charles Bonnet syndrome hallucinations. Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries with the prevalence of...

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Diabetic retinopathy screening in Belize: a country’s journey towards reducing blindness from DR

1 February 2019 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The rise of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is a public health concern in the Caribbean. The Caribbean Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Programme, managed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and funded by the Queen Elizabeth...

The management of retinal vein occlusions: a summary

1 February 2015 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are the most common cause of visual loss from retinal vascular disease second to diabetic retinopathy. Vision is lost due to ischaemia, macular oedema and / or haemorrhage which ultimately effects a patient’s quality of life...

A brief history of colour vision

1 April 2019 | | EYE - General
Andrew Want takes a look at how colour vision has evolved in humans and animals and how it differs across species. Colour vision is something that we often take for granted, but it has become so intrinsic to the way...

Understanding and confronting bacterial endophthalmitis

2 December 2019 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Abdus Samad Ansari highlights the importance of early recognition of this condition using an unusual presentation. Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency with devastating consequences. Despite adequate treatment, severe cases frequently result in permanent blindness. Endophthalmitis involves inflammation of both the...

The paediatric cataract: an overview of the diagnosis and management

5 August 2020 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive, EYE - General
In this second article (see first article here), Samuel Aryee and Rhys Dumont Jones review the challenges involved in managing this condition. Examination and diagnosis Cataracts in children can appear in a variety of forms, each presenting in a different...

An update on idiopathic intracranial hypertension

1 August 2017 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
The incidence of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is increasing, likely in line with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. To date, there have been revisions in the terminology used and diagnostic criteria for IIH; these recognise the need to exclude secondary...

Breakthroughs in the genetics of angle-closure glaucoma

1 April 2017 | | EYE - Glaucoma
Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is not widely known to be a familial condition, yet the recent explosion of genetic data and large scale genome wide investigations have confirmed at least 13 genetic loci associated with ACG [1], and provided some...