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Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: Changes in understanding of the disease over the last 25 years and how the UK is helping low-income countries tackle the challenges

Diabetes – a historical perspective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited and / or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Such a deficiency results in...

Use of Strabocheck to measure angle of deviation

Strabocheck (SK) is a free to access software and is a measurement of deviation angle based on the corneal light reflex in monocular and binocular photographs uploaded to the website. The purpose of this study was to evaluate SK in...

Efficacy of BT as a treatment for cranial nerve palsy in acute and chronic cases

The authors performed a meta-analysis of all patients’ treatment with botulinum toxin (BT) for cranial nerve palsy (CNP) to determine the efficacy of BT in the treatment of CNP due to a variety of causes. The search identified 1129 articles...

Hemianopia or visuospatial neglect: differences in information processing

It is widely reported that visuospatial neglect and hemianopia may be superimposed, and disentangling the two conditions can be pose difficulties for clinicians. The authors of this paper explored the differences in implicit information processing which is effective in patients...

Developing eye health services in Malawi: a personal reflection

Dr Chinsisi Namate reflects on her first two years as a consultant ophthalmologist at the eye unit at Zomba Central Hospital, and how she has already successfully expanded eyecare services for southeast Malawi. The Lions Sight First Eye Hospital in...

Pharmacopoeia of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

The compact volume depicted in Figure 1 bears the simple title Pharmacopoeia. The book originally belonged to the author’s father, the late John King. A pharmacist by profession, John King maintained a keen interest in matters pertaining to pharmaceutical history....

Understanding amniotic membrane grafts

Safa Elhassan gives a brief review of amniotic membrane grafts and their application in theatre and clinic-based settings. Amniotic membrane (AM) transplant has been an established adjuvant treatment for many corneal, conjunctival and scleral disorders in ophthalmic clinical practice with...

Intermittent exotropia with a positive Bielchowsky head-tilt test

This is a retrospective study from Korea, of 118 patients’ charts with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and divided into two groups; 50 patients showed positive Bielchowsky head tilt test (BHTT) and 68 with negative BHTT. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the parameters...

Surgical success rates in abducens palsy management

The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with surgical outcomes in isolated abducens palsy. To achieve this goal the authors reviewed the records of adult patients with abducens palsy who underwent strabismus procedures during a fourteen year...

Results of single muscle advancement surgery

The aim of this study was to determine quantitatively the efficacy of medial and lateral rectus muscle advancement in consecutive exotropia and esotropia. The authors analysed the relationship between the change in muscle position and the change in visual angle...

Management of high AC/A esotropia

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effect of treating high accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) esotropia with single vision lenses (SVL) compared with the effectiveness of using SVL on patients with basic refractive esotropia and a...

Surgical prediction in infantile ET

The purpose was to evaluate the preoperative factors influencing the efficacy of the surgical procedure of bilateral lateral rectus recessions. Fifty cases with at least one year follow-up were included for retrospective analysis. Mean response to surgery was 2.17±0.80 PD/mm...