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Ophthalmology history and examination – a guide for medical students

*First author Students have very little exposure to ophthalmology during their years at medical school. Teaching consists of a handful of lectures followed by a short placement in which students are expected to practise histories and examinations on patients with...

Ophthalmic exposure for emergency medicine doctors

Emergency medicine is a challenging specialty which requires managing a range of acute issues. In this article, I explore the experiences of emergency doctors towards ophthalmic cases presenting in the emergency department, identifying what initiatives have helped trainees. Emergency medicine...

The Sickle Cell Retinopathy Network is leading global change in screening and management

Sickle cell disease or disorder (SCD) is one of the most neglected health conditions in the world. A strong hypothesis is that this is because SCD affects people of African, Caribbean and other Global Majority communities and has received disproportionately...

Act now: Professor Serge Resnikoff on making myopia a public health priority

Over the past decade, myopia has shifted from a common childhood inconvenience to what global health leaders now call a “public health emergency in slow motion” [1]. According to Professor Serge Resnikoff, former Head of Eye Health at the World...

Ultra-widefield imaging in glaucoma: Documenting hypotony-related choroidal effusions after microshunt surgery

Ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging provides extended visualisation of the posterior segment beyond the traditional 30–50° field of view. It captures a broad view of the posterior pole and periphery in a single, quick, non-mydriatic acquisition. While its role in diabetic retinopathy...

The role of spectral-domain OCT RNFL in revealing a pituitary adenoma with atypical visual fields

Pituitary adenomas classically cause bitemporal hemianopia by compressing the optic chiasm. However, in some cases, the pattern of visual field loss may be atypical and mimic homonymous hemianopia, depending on the direction and extent of tumour expansion. Spectral-domain optical coherence...

6.6.2020 – a celebration of international partnerships

The date 6.6.2020 was selected as a significant milestone for celebrating the achievements of the VISION LINKS Programme as part of the global ‘VISION 2020: The Right to Sight’ initiative [1]. This virtual full-day seminar included LINK partners in the...

Real-world experience and outcomes of SLT laser used as a first-line treatment in ocular hypertension patients in a United Kingdom National Health Service setting

The management of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in the context of ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) remains a major contributor to the workload of ophthalmology units across the UK. Treatment of these conditions has historically centred...

Retinal prosthetics: science fiction or a vision for the future?

“Is it a fact – or have I dreamt it – that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?” – Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House...

Resurfacing the ocular surface

The ocular surface (OS) is an anatomical and functional unit made of the tear film, the conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, the lacrimal, mucous and meibomian glands and the lids and blink reflex. The tear film is composed of a...

Progress in retinal disease management: Highlights of the Retina Day, RCOphth 2025 Annual Congress

The Retina Day meeting at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) 2025 Annual Congress in Liverpool was held on 22 May 2025. This report highlights 10 selected topics of interest to subspecialists and general ophthalmologists. Decarbonising anti-VEGF clinics (or making...

Diagnosis and management of IV cranial nerve palsy

Aetiology: Trochlear nerve palsy can be divided into acute or congenital. Congenital trochlear nerve palsy is usually noted in childhood with development of abnormal head posture. Various pathologies can lead to acute IV nerve palsy, most commonly trauma. Other causes...