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Microsporidia-induced stromal keratitis: a new cause of presumed immune stromal (interstitial) keratitis

This is a non-comparative retrospective observational case series from India from 1 October 2020 to 31 January 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) presence of nummular / coin shaped lesions with at least one >2mm in size and / presence...

Tackling diabetic retinopathy globally through the VISION 2020 LINKS Diabetic Retinopathy Network

It is abundantly clear that the burden of diabetes is rapidly increasing, as there are now 415 million adults with diabetes in the world, with a projected rise to 642 million by 2040 [1]. This equates to 1 in 10...

Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: Changes in understanding of the disease over the last 25 years and how the UK is helping low-income countries tackle the challenges

Diabetes – a historical perspective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited and / or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Such a deficiency results in...

Running a high-volume nurse led intravitreal service using the Sp.eye device – the Stanley Eye Unit experience

Introduction The vast majority of ophthalmology units utilise allied healthcare professionals (AHPs) to deliver intravitreal injections (IVIs). The Royal College of Ophthalmologists issued a statement 10 years ago advocating the use of non-medical practitioners performing IVIs [1]. The main benefit...

How to examine the visual system Part 2: Accommodation, pupils, fundoscopy and additional tests

Examining the visual system can be a tricky skill for medical students to master, yet it is a task that is frequently tested in examinations. This is the second of a two-part series of articles, which together aim to improve...

The clues of the eye – what is medical ophthalmology?

The author looks at the increasingly significant role of medical ophthalmologists and the importance of integrative healthcare. The eye is a remarkable organ, and for decades we have been discovering intimations of pathology existing elsewhere in the body [1] simply...

Help the VISION 2020 LINKS & Networks Programme to save children’s sight and lives

The LINKS & Networks Programme was established at the International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Health and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 20 years ago to improve the quality and quantity of eye health services in low- and middle-income...

Mastering clinical skills in ophthalmology

To young junior doctors, and some senior doctors who may not have had much exposure to ophthalmology, the specialty can seem very foreign. Not only are the conditions and examination findings specific to the eyes, but the skill set required...

15 prism test for anisometropic amblyopia

The authors aimed to investigate the accuracy of the 15^ base in prism test (BIPT) in detecting amblyopia in anisometropic patients. This was a retrospective study in which the 15^BI was placed before the right eye followed by the left...

LASEK vs. epi-LASIK for myopia: meta-analysis

Previous studies have produced inconsistent conclusions on the relative benefits between LASEK vs. Epi-LASIK. LASEK uses 20% alcohol to separate an epithelial flap from the Bowman membrane. After ablation, the epithelial flap is repositioned onto the cornea. Epi-LASIK creates the...

Uveitis in the elderly

This study from Turkey evaluated the causes and clinical characteristics of uveitis in elderly patients. Data from 90 eyes of 68 patients aged 60 years and older were reviewed. Anterior uveitis was present in 75% (33% of these had keratouveitis),...

Lucentis for pseudophakic CMO

Pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) develops angiographically in up to 20-30% after uneventful phacoemulsification. This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with pseudophakic CMO after cataract surgery. Seven eyes were included in...