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Intermittent manual compression for CCF
Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) can be classified as high and low-flow or as having direct and indirect communication. Most commonly, management of high-flow CCF is with endovascular embolisation. The authors look at an alternative treatment for CCF in indirect low-flow...
A modified technique for external DCR
The authors described a modified technique for external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) whereby the lacrimal sac is excised medially along its length using a 15mm blade. Following insertion of silicone stents, the remaining part of the anterior wall of the lacrimal sac...
EOM enlargement in carotid cavernous fistulas
This study evaluates the radiological patterns of extraocular muscle enlargement and proptosis in carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF). At least one muscle was enlarged in 27.5% of cases. The inferior rectus was most commonly enlarged, followed by the medial rectus. Proptosis...
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in patients with craniofacial abnormalities
This is a retrospective study including 1998 patients over a period of 10 years. Of this number, 41 patients were identified as having a craniofacial abnormality and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) (23.1 per 10,000 live births). Interestingly the most...
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in trisomy 21 vs non-trisomy 21 patients
This is a retrospective case review study looking at patients who underwent intervention for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) between January 2017 and January 2018. The authors state that patients were excluded if there was less than 60 months of...
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride for improved symmetry in Graves’ disease
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution has Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in involution ptosis. It is an alpha 1 agonist and partial alpha 2 agonist that stimulates Muller’s muscle to lift the lid. The authors of this...
Biomarkers in thyroid eye disease
An ideal biomarker is sensitive, specific, easily assessable and clinically relevant. This study looked at the presence of inflammatory cytokines present in the tear film of healthy controls, thyroid patients without eye disease (non-TED) and those with thyroid eye disease...
