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Randomisation, confounding & observational methods in ophthalmic epidemiology

Randomisation and confounding Understanding the relationship between an exposure and an outcome of interest is the central challenge in ophthalmic epidemiology. The exposure may be aetiological, taking the form of a putative risk biological factor, or therapeutic, in the form...

Ophthalmology in the developing world

After the second year of medical school, I spent my summer vacation working as a volunteer for a small Italian non-government organisation (NGO), named HEALTH-AID. As part of my volunteering experience, I joined a team of European doctors, medical students...

How to write and publish a case report – tips and common pitfalls

Ophthalmology is an extremely popular specialty, with the competition ratio at ST1 level entry being 10:1 in 2023 [1]. Consequently, applicants are required to achieve higher portfolio scores to remain competitive. For those considering a career in ophthalmology, two points...

Minister for equalities backs Sight Scotland’s push to break down accessibility barriers in Scottish venues

Equalities Minister Kaukab Stewart recently met with Sight Scotland’s Policy Group to discuss the importance of improving access and inclusion in Scotland’s venues. She stressed that everyone should have the freedom to enjoy life and visit places of their choice,...

More sensitive visual acuity test for age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Primarily associated with ageing, genetic factors and lifestyle choices such as smoking also play a contributory role. Patients with early AMD, characterised by the development of...

Esme’s Umbrella becomes first CBS charity in the world

Esme’s Umbrella – the Campaign to raise awareness of Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) – has been given charity status by the England and Wales Charity Commission.

The College of Optometrists responds to the abolishment of NHS England

Dr Gillian Rudduck MCOptom, President of The College of Optometrists, commented: “The announcement today of the scrapping of NHS England must not slow the progress of reform and the government’s plans to shift focus from hospitals to primary care. With...

Survey: Dacryocystorhinostomy International Practice

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is widely recognised as the gold-standard surgical intervention for managing nasolacrimal duct obstruction, particularly when medical therapy fails to restore adequate lacrimal drainage. Both external and endonasal (endoscopic) DCR approaches have evolved considerably over recent decades, with technological...

Health-related quality of life after cataract surgery

This prospective study evaluates the impact of cataract surgery on subjects’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with a 15-dimension generic instrument, the 15D. The HRQoL of cataract subjects was compared with that of an age- and gender-standardised sample of...

Update on primary angle closure glaucoma

This review article considers primary angle-closure glaucoma which is responsible for half of glaucoma-related blindness worldwide. Angle closure is characterised by appositional contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork. It tends to develop in eyes with shallow anterior chambers, anteriorly...

Marcus Gunn jaw winking without ptosis

This is a review of 72 cases of Marcus-Gunn jaw winking syndrome. The authors reviewed all their congenital ptoses seen over a 16 year period and found 72 Marcus-Gunn cases of out of a total of 848 patients. Within the...

Cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery

This review covers the history, incidence, diagnosis, risk factors, pathophysiology and medical management of postoperative macular oedema (PCMO), with a particular emphasis on key contemporary studies and novel observations. The authors revisit the incidence of well-established risk factors including intraoperative...