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Typical and atypical optic neuritis – diagnosis and initial management

Optic neuritis is a relatively common presentation to ophthalmologists in the acute setting. The vast majority are cases of ‘typical’ optic neuritis (ON) but a smaller group of conditions, so-called, ‘atypical’ optic neuritides require a different work-up and management strategy....

From trainee to teacher: Top tips for teaching fellow applications

Getting into ophthalmology training has become increasingly competitive in recent years. In 2025, the competition ratio rose to over 21:1, compared to 3:1 in 2019 [1,2]. Similar trends are seen across other specialties, with over 30,000 doctors applying for just...

UK Glaucoma Fellows Meeting 2023

09:00 - 09:30 Welcome 09:30 - 09:45 Introduction: Mr. Imran Masood (Participants split into 4 small groups, then cycle around the sessions) 10:00 – 13:00 Session 1 Introducing new technologies to NHS trusts Imran Masood Session 2 Optimising Patient Safety...

Comparison of SS-OCT and SD-OCT in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Swept source OCT (SS-OCT) is known to have a longer wavelength than spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), allowing deeper penetration into retinal and choroidal layers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SS-OCT is superior to SD-OCT in imaging...

Sex differences in the relationship between obesity and choroidal nevus in US adults

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); a population-based survey conducted annually in the US by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used to identify populations at higher risk for choroidal naevus. Over a period of four...

Aqueous humour cytokine levels in PCV and nAMD

This study looks into the possible roles of various cytokines or growth factors in the pathogenesis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by comparing aqueous levels of 14 cytokines between eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and those with neovascular...

Macular atrophy with aflibercept

The authors of this paper set out to investigate the prevalence of macular atrophy in treatment-naive patients with neovascular AMD undergoing aflibercept monotherapy (three monthly loading injections followed by subsequent treatment every two months). Case notes over a three year...

Atrophy and anti-VEGF

The aim of this study was to investigate treatment factors, along with ocular and systemic factors for their association with macular atrophy (MA) incidence in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with anti-VEGF aflibercept or ranibizumab according to...

Collaborating across the Caribbean to tackle diabetic retinopathy

The VISION 2020 LINKS Programme has been running since 2004, with a focus on improving the quality and quantity of eye care training in low-income countries [1]. In 2014, the Diabetic Retinopathy Network (DR-NET) was established [2]. This is a...

Considerations in the management of retinal disorders

Vision research presentations and publications explore practice considerations in the management of AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Over the past two decades in Europe there has been a decreasing prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and an improvement in visual acuity...

Ophthalmology assessment using Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy is a hierarchical list of attributes and skills that facilitates teachers to effectively teach, whilst concurrently enabling learners to effectively learn. It was first developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist along with a team of...

The management of possibly progressive pterygium

A 43-year-old Sudanese male patient is referred by his GP with a fleshy lesion encroaching the nasal cornea for the last six months. History Make note of: risk factors, i.e. UV exposure and ocular irritation - history of living in...