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The interpretation and use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (part 1)

1 October 2016 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) has become increasingly important for the diagnosis of a variety of anterior segment pathologies. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with conventional B-scan ultrasonography techniques, which operate at lower sound frequencies (7.5 to 20MHz). UBM is an ultrasound technique...

Conservative management of concomitant strabismus

1 October 2019 | | EYE - General
The aim of management for all patients with strabismus should centre around four goals: to prevent amblyopia, to alleviate symptoms, to restore binocular single vision (BSV) and to improve ocular alignment. The conservative management options available for strabismus include observation,...

Ophthalmic viscoelastic devices: Useful insights for a novice cataract surgeon

4 February 2025 | | EYE - Cataract
Ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs) are essential in many different stages of cataract surgery. This article discusses the categories of OVDs and their respective properties, and highlights their uses in different scenarios faced in cataract surgery. Ophthalmic viscoelastic devices are gel-like...

IN FOCUS - The achievements and lasting effects of VISION 2020

1 April 2020 | | EYE - General
Blindness is a major public health problem globally. The first estimate of global blindness by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1972 provided a figure of 10 to 15 million, which was considered an underestimate [1]. In 1999, an extraordinary...

How the development of Glaucoma Guidelines, Glaucoma Toolkit and GLASS training and the Glaucoma nurse training can effect change in Nigeria

4 February 2025 | | EYE - Glaucoma
In July 2024, a combined training, led by Fatima Kyari, was run in Abuja, Nigeria to facilitate a multifaceted upskilling in glaucoma management. The first week comprised of inviting 36 doctors practising glaucoma from around Nigeria’s 36 states, including the...

Corneal dystrophies simplified

1 February 2017 | | EYE - Cornea
Based on biomicroscopic and histopathologic features, corneal dystrophies can be broadly classified into epithelial, Bowman’s layer / anterior stromal, stromal, and endothelial dystrophies. Corneal dystrophies are a group of inherited, bilateral, gradually progressing, non- inflammatory conditions caused by accumulation of...

White dot syndromes

1 September 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
It is fair to say that trainees and consultants who are not medical retina specialists are a bit scared of the so called retinal ‘white dot syndromes’. It is easy to understand why this is the case, as almost every...

“Beware of the pigment”

4 August 2021 | | EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - General
Using some captivating artwork, Iheukwumere Duru describes key features of pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) leads to pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in approximately 35-50% of patients with the condition [1]. PG is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in...

Burnout: ubiquitous and unavoidable?

3 August 2023 | | EYE - General
Meriam Islam reminds us of the importance of ‘putting our oxygen mask on first’ and avoiding burnout while we progress through our careers. Burnout. It’s a term we hear a lot. What does it mean though? According to Merriam Webster,...

Sustainability in eyecare: Are virtual clinics the way forward in the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal disease?

2 August 2021 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
Virtual clinics can be used successfully in screening and management of ocular conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration. Virtual clinics should be a considered as a more clinically appropriate modality of consultation, diagnosis and...

Clinical relevance of the anatomic classification of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

1 February 2018 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The author explains why an OCT-based classification of neovascular AMD is needed and how these neovascular subtypes may help to predict patients’ long-term visual outcome. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process involving the macula in...

More sensitive visual acuity test for age-related macular degeneration

1 October 2016 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Primarily associated with ageing, genetic factors and lifestyle choices such as smoking also play a contributory role. Patients with early AMD, characterised by the development of...