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The 2020 Milgram Experiment

Will ophthalmology recover from COVID-19? Learning Curve columnist Gwyn Samuel Williams shares his thoughts on the developing impact of the pandemic “It’s busy today,” the nurse in green chuckles. “There are six patients I think.” Six. This clinic is designed...

Bleb-related changes in upper lid position

This is a review of five patients with upper lid ptosis or lid retraction secondary to large filtering blebs post-trabeculectomy. The authors review each case and apply a model to analyse the separate forces acting on the upper lid to...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

Ophthalmology Secrets, Fifth Edition

Janice Gault presents the fifth edition of the critically acclaimed Ophthalmology Secrets. If you are someone like me, who is sceptical and needs persuaded to add another textbook to their collection, let me be the first to convince you the...

High quality retinal image grading and management service by the NetwORC UK

In 2004 a network of three ophthalmic reading centres in Belfast, London and Liverpool (known as NetwORC UK) was established to form the largest reading centre in Europe for the purpose of providing high quality grading of ophthalmic images for...

Periorbital and subconjunctival emphysema - a sign of orbital rim fracture

Background Orbital emphysema is a condition where air is present in orbit or periorbital tissues [1]. It is most commonly caused by trauma leading to orbit fracture, where air from paranasal sinuses is allowed to enter the orbit. The most...

On the wrong track

A 65-year-old very high myope lady presented with sudden blurred vision down to count fingers to her right eye after a short and sharp pain. She also described seeing a black swirly line and as all these symptoms were exactly...

SOE 2025

A Multi-Specialty in-person meeting, delivering a world class scientific programme. Offering symposia, YO sessions, workshops, live surgery, debates, mystery cases and updates on all topics

Effect of laser wavelength on delivering effective burns through opaque lens using pattern scan laser

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) has been used in the treatment of various retinal disorders for many decades. Conventional single-spot lasers take quite some time to do with significantly higher pain, anxiety and photophobia when compared to the pattern scan laser (PSL)....

Development of retinoblastoma services in Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe recognised the need for a paediatric ophthalmology service almost 20 years ago. The economic uncertainty in the country made it difficult to secure financial support, so initial funding came through local donors. Equipment – including vision charts, ophthalmoscopes and...

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease – what is it? (Part 2)

Part 2: Clinical presentation and treatment (see part 1 here) Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is understood to have a vast clinicopathological spectrum; nearly every organ has had reported involvement. Similarly, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is known to affect nearly every...

Surgical strategies to manage incomitant strabismus in adults

Incomitant vertical and / or horizontal strabismus is a challenging presentation. Patients are usually symptomatic as the onset is either sudden so they haven’t developed any coping mechanisms or very complex so that any coping mechanisms will not cover all...