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Sub-clinical detection methods in multiple sclerosis

Visually symptomatic multiple sclerosis (MS) provides only part of the required information to assist in understanding the disease. Recently, researchers have concentrated their efforts on diagnosing MS cases in the subclinical period. The aim of this paper was to assess...

Unilateral cataract extraction outcomes in older children compared to two studies with younger cohorts

The authors present a retrospective study of children undergoing cataract surgery between the ages of two and seven-years-old at one centre, over a 24-year period. Data including demographics, ocular history, ophthalmic findings, operative reports, adverse events, and record of re-operations...

A case series of electroretinography findings in visual snow syndrome

The authors present a case series of individuals referred to an electroretinography (ERG) lab for assessment due to abnormal vision symptoms, over a two year period. Cases with visual snow syndrome (VSS) or isolated visual snow (VS) were included. All...

Visual characteristics of spina bifida myelomeningocele

Ireland has a relatively high rate of spina bifida (SB), with a neural tube defect rate of 1.05 per 1000 births of which 47% are SB. This study was an audit of SB myelomeningocele (SBM) cases over an 8-year period,...

Vision Surgery Deep Dive into Complex Cataract Surgery 2026

Vision Surgery Deep Dive into Complex Cataract Surgery 2026

Ophthalmology in a War Zone: an interview with Dr Volodymyr Melnyk

It is now nine months since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine commenced in late February 2022, with Putin announcing a “special military operation” to “denazify and demilitarise” Ukraine. The rest of the world, however, saw it for what it...

Navigating the retina: the nitty-gritty of slit-lamp fundus examination

The slit-lamp fundus examination can be a difficult and disorientating task for beginners due to the retina being viewed in a non-anatomical orientation, the small area of retina illuminated, and the counterintuitive technique of the examination. This article provides a...

Eye testing at home – developing an app for measuring vision

COVID-19 has made home vision monitoring a necessity. Stephanie Campbell shares how her idea for a vision testing app that would engage patients became a reality. Months before COVID-19 first began to mutate to its human host, there was a...

Management of a giant pigment epithelium detachment with transition from half- to full-dose aflibercept

This case report describes the management of a giant pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using half-dose aflibercept. An 80-year-old woman presented with a huge PED (maximum height 1338µm) and multiple risk factors for retinal pigment...

Pharma chameleon

One morning in September ’95, about a month into my first house job on the South Coast of England, I emerged from the ridiculously early ward round on the coronary care unit feeling a bit dazed and therefore headed off...

Aspiration of anteriorly migrated dexamethasone implant using an 18G intravenous cannula

Intravitreal dexamethasone (Ozurdex 0.7mg) is a biodegradable, sustained-release implant used to manage diabetic macular oedema, macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, and non-infectious posterior uveitis due to its anti-inflammatory effects and VEGF suppression [1]. While effective, the implant may...

Psychiatric Consequences of Ophthalmic Disease

In part two of this series on ophthalmology and psychiatry, the authors will cover the possible psychiatric consequences of ophthalmic disease. The following conditions will be discussed: a. Black patch psychosis b. Psychological state in blindness c. Phobias in the...