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Your 101 guide to interpreting the Pentacam®

Anterior segment tomography produces a three-dimensional assessment of anterior and posterior corneal structures. The Pentacam uses rotating Scheimpflug imaging to generate cross-sectional scans of the cornea and anterior chamber, essential for detecting ectasia, refractive surgery screening and longitudinal monitoring. However,...

Three muscle surgery results for ET

There is limited information in the literature on the outcomes of three muscle surgery. The authors aimed to evaluate the medium term motor outcomes of three horizontal muscle surgery in 18 patients with large angle infantile esotropia of at least...

CVI features in an Indian population

This study describes the predisposing factors and ophthalmic characteristics of children with cortical visual impairment (CVI) at a tertiary centre in India. This was a retrospective cross-section study of children <16-years-old over a four-year period. A review of 88 patients...

A look into the IOL space

Advances in the design and performance of intraocular lenses (IOLs) continue to be driven by demand for better outcomes, presbyopia correction and spectacle independence, alongside a better understanding of the dynamics of the crystalline lens, newer theories of accommodation and...

Prevalence of strabismus, nystagmus and risk factors in children and adolescents born preterm with and without retinopathy of prematurity

This is a retrospective study of 949 children (11.21 +/-3.92 years, 495 females). They were divided into 6 groups based on gestational age (GA) with/without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and with/without treatment of ROP, alongside full-term babies as a control...

Strabismus and ocular motility, demystified

I am a former orthoptist, now trained in medicine and working as a foundation doctor. In my previous work, I was frequently approached by ophthalmology trainees eager for guidance with strabismus and ocular motility. Drawing on my clinical experience, I...

Immediate postop alignment differences between adult and childhood ET

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate postoperative alignment among patients undergoing successful surgery for esotropia and to determine whether there are any differences between children and adults. This was a retrospective case review of 544 cases;...

BT as an effective alternative treatment for small angle consecutive exotropia

In this study, the authors evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTA) as a treatment option for consecutive exotropia. This was a retrospective review of 34 patients; 23 female and 11 male. Age at BTA was a mean of...

Iranian prevalence of strabismus and heterophoria

Previous studies in parts of Iran report a childhood prevalence of strabismus of 1.2 to 2.3%. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence of strabismus in underserved rural areas of Iran in all age groups. In 2015 they conducted a...

Strabismus and binocular summation

The authors conducted a pilot study to investigate the effect of visual noise or background complexity on binocular summation in patients with strabismus. A target embedded in pixel noise was used. The study involved performance of a task detecting a...

Improvements in balance and postural control after strabismus surgery

The authors sought to investigate the effect of surgical correction of strabismus on dynamic balance and postural stability. They recruited 27 children (15 female, 12 male) of which 17 were esotropia and 10 exotropia (including eight intermittent types), aged 7–12...

Exotropia symptoms

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical preoperative symptoms and changes to these postoperatively in patients with exotropia. A non-validated questionnaire with 15 questions was used: three subscales including stereopsis (five questions), ocular fatigue (five questions) and cosmetic...