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Understanding spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS): what do we know?

2 August 2022 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - General
Introduction Formerly known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome (VIIP), space-related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is defined by a collection of ophthalmic and neurological findings in astronauts after long-term spaceflight [1]. Changes in the eyeball, such as hyperopic shift, during...

Treatment of diabetic macular oedema

1 June 2014 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication associated with diabetic retinopathy, and the most common cause of visual impairment in diabetes [1]. With predicted rising levels of diabetes (in England by 2025 the estimated population with diabetes will be...

Differences of the anterior segment parameters in children with Down syndrome

1 August 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
This cross-sectional study was designed in order to demonstrate the differences in anterior segment parameters in children with trisomy 21. This is important as it may impact on surgical planning when undertaking procedures in the anterior segment such as corneal...

Comparison of vision screening programmes

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
The purpose was to examine the treatment that children underwent as a result of being identified with reduced vision at school screening. The level of improvement in vision was identified and the time taken to achieve maximum visual acuity. There...

Choroid changes in amblyopic, fellow and control eyes

31 October 2023 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus
In this study the authors aimed to evaluate choroidal changes in the hyperopic anisometropic eyes of children by comparing amblyopic and fellow eyes, and control eyes, using a binarization method – analysis of enhanced depth imaging with OCT (EDI-OCT) using...

Features from screening programme referrals pre and post pandemic

28 February 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics
In this study the authors conducted an analysis of demographics, referral rates and prevalence of various ophthalmic assessments among children referred to an ophthalmologist through the UCI eye mobile programme. They further evaluated the influence of socio-economic factors and the...

Retinoblastoma management update (part 1): clinical features, diagnosis and genetics

1 January 2017 | | EYE - Oncology
The first of a two part series, this article will discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and genetic aspects of retinoblastoma. Manoj Parulekar is based at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, one of the two designated national retinoblastoma and paediatric ocular oncology treatment...

Surgical strategies to manage incomitant strabismus in adults

5 April 2022 | | EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - General
Incomitant vertical and / or horizontal strabismus is a challenging presentation. Patients are usually symptomatic as the onset is either sudden so they haven’t developed any coping mechanisms or very complex so that any coping mechanisms will not cover all...

Diabetic Macular Oedema

1 December 2013 |
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects the metabolism of all three categories of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. This condition is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia [1]. This can cause end organ damage. The estimated worldwide diabetes prevalence for 2010...

Addressing diabetes-related complications in Tanzania and Eswatini: A comprehensive approach to eye and foot screening

2 October 2025 | | EYE - Imaging
Diabetes is rising globally, particularly in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), where healthcare systems are under resourced [1,2]. Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic foot disease are preventable yet frequently overlooked [3-6]. These problems often develop together due...

The only thing to fear is fear itself

1 February 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
There is a song by the Amateur Transplants called ‘Finals Fantasy’ which describes in humorous detail how stressful clinical exams can be. Having not done any viva or objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE) style exams for many years indeed I...

Crystalline keratopathy in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

2 April 2025 | | EYE - Cornea
Monoclonal gammopathies encompass a group of plasma cell disorders characterised by the excessive production of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins in the bloodstream [1]. This category includes multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), amyloidosis and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy...