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Automated grading of diabetic retinopathy: is it possible?

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. However, much of this diabetic blindness can be delayed or even prevented with timely diagnosis and proper treatment. For this reason, regular screening...

Evaluation of the association between diabetes autoantibodies and development of early diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diabetes autoantibodies and the development of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) to assess the role of autoimmunity in retinopathy. The study included 18 boys and 44 girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus...

The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...

Strange Sequelae Succeeding ‘Surfer’s Eye’

Ophthalmologists in the UK are relatively infrequently faced with a patient requesting surgery for a pterygium. This condition is more common where ultraviolet exposure is greater, especially if coupled with activities associated with ocular surface irritation. For this reason, a...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

Strengthening diabetic retinopathy services in Nigeria through DR-NET – from grass roots to national policy development

This is the third article in a series (see Part 1 and Part 2) reflecting on how shared learning via networks of UK and international eye health professionals is contributing to reducing unnecessary blindness in Nigeria. Earlier articles focused on...

A new observation point: updating the nomenclature and classification with OCT

The evolution of ophthalmic imaging technologies has been particularly rapid over the last few years. The author provides an update of the current terms for common signs and pathologies observed using optical coherence tomography. My experience as an ophthalmic technician,...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

UK Eye Genetics Group Annual Conference

by Chloe M. Stanton, UK-EGG Treasurer, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh Delegates including ophthalmic clinicians, clinical geneticists, genetic counsellors and research scientists travelled to Edinburgh from across the UK and Europe to attend...

Association between neurodegeneration and macular perfusion in the progression of diabetic retinopathy

In this prospective three-year longitudinal study, the authors aimed to explore the relation between retinal neurodegenerative changes and vessel closure (VC) in individuals with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The participants included 74 individuals with type 2 diabetes, NPDR, and Early...

Vascular density evaluated by SS-OCTA and microperimetry in RP

The aim of this retrospective, observational cross-sectional one-year study was to evaluate the retinal and choroidal vessel density in the macular area with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), to compare this data with...

How many injections in nAMD: ranibizumab vs. aflibercept

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections make up a large proportion of the workload in ophthalmology clinics. Since the introduction of aflibercept with eight weekly injections there has been an option to use a treatment which may require less treatment, with potential cost...