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Ophthalmic Research journal cover image.

Aqueous humour cytokine levels in PCV and nAMD

1 April 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
This study looks into the possible roles of various cytokines or growth factors in the pathogenesis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by comparing aqueous levels of 14 cytokines between eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and those with neovascular...

Third nerve palsy following cataract surgery with sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia

1 October 2014 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
Figure 1: Photograph showing partial ptosis of the right eye two months after surgery (photo by R McLeod). An 83-year-old lady had routine right eye cataract surgery under uncomplicated sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia. She presented two weeks later, explaining that following the...
Acta Ophthalmologica cover image.

Automated grading of diabetic retinopathy: is it possible?

1 August 2018 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. However, much of this diabetic blindness can be delayed or even prevented with timely diagnosis and proper treatment. For this reason, regular screening...
The Journal of Paediatrics Ophthalmology & Strabismus front cover image.

Evaluation of the association between diabetes autoantibodies and development of early diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes

2 December 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diabetes autoantibodies and the development of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) to assess the role of autoimmunity in retinopathy. The study included 18 boys and 44 girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus...
Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology front cover image.

How does presentation, progression and outcome of new onset diplopia vary between older and younger adults?

30 January 2026 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology
The authors present a retrospective case review with the aim of comparing the frequency of different causes for new onset binocular diplopia in 2 age groups, above and below 65 years old. Adult patients with new onset diplopia within a...
Strabismus journal front cover image.

BT vs. conservative treatment only for sixth nerve palsies

3 February 2026 | | EYE - Strabismus
This German retrospective review evaluation compared rates of improvement and outcome criteria in a large cohort with 2 treatment branches for sixth nerve palsy. Recovery was defined as no diplopia in primary gaze, angle ≤10 prism dioptres and improved abduction...

Amnion-assisted conjunctival epithelial redirection (ACER): Enhancing stem cell transplantation treatment of total limbal stem cell deficiency

1 April 2019 | | EYE - Cornea, EYE - General
An exploration of Professor Harminder Dua’s recent work using a technique called amnion-assisted conjunctival epithelial redirection (ACER) to aid the success of conjunctival-limbal grafting procedures. ACER provides a refined way to use amniotic membrane (amnion), such as Omnigen® (NuVision® Biotherapies,...

The assessment of pupils and 
pupillary reactions

1 October 2015 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Understanding pupillary reactions is vital in understanding basic neuro-opthalmology. It is a skill required in eye casualty, clinics and perhaps most importantly, exams. To start at the beginning, the pupil is the central aperture of the iris, its size controlling...

Strange Sequelae Succeeding ‘Surfer’s Eye’

1 February 2014 |
Ophthalmologists in the UK are relatively infrequently faced with a patient requesting surgery for a pterygium. This condition is more common where ultraviolet exposure is greater, especially if coupled with activities associated with ocular surface irritation. For this reason, a...

Headaches in ophthalmology (part 2)

1 December 2018 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Ophthalmologists see a large number of patients with headaches or facial pain in the ophthalmic outpatient clinics or in emergency clinics. Over two articles, I will discuss several causes of headaches, ocular manifestations and proposed management and referral options. It...

Lessons from an unusual case of syphilis

3 August 2023 | | EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
The rise of syphilis transmission rates over the past two decades has been one of public health’s great puzzles. In the UK, the situation has reached epidemic levels, with a 126% increase between 2013 and 2018 [1]. We present a...

A new observation point: updating the nomenclature and classification with OCT

3 June 2021 | | EYE - Imaging, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal, EYE - General
The evolution of ophthalmic imaging technologies has been particularly rapid over the last few years. The author provides an update of the current terms for common signs and pathologies observed using optical coherence tomography. My experience as an ophthalmic technician,...