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Lines, dots, spots and rings in ophthalmology: understanding eponyms

Eponymous names are familiar to all who have undergone undergraduate and postgraduate training in medicine. The ability to name a few allows one to stand out among your peers and rare, or not so rare, eponymous syndromes are a favourite...

Diagnosis of amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy

Amiodarone is a widely used anti-arrhythmic drug. Several case reports describe optic neuropathy which has been linked to its use. This case series discusses the diagnosis of amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy (AAON) and its potential impact on cardiac therapy. The authors...

Recognising clinical characteristics of blepharospasm

Focal dystonia is regarded as a characteristic feature of blepharospasm, but patients do not always present with these motor symptoms. The authors present a retrospective analysis of data from a large number of patients treated for drug-induced or essential blepharospasm...

Association of pendular waveform and retinal disorders

The authors aimed to evaluate the relationship between retinal disorders and pendular low amplitude high frequency components (PLAHF) waveform by collecting nystagmus eye movement recordings, electroretinography (ERG) and gene tests. Retinal disorders were diagnosed by clinical phenotype and genotype characteristics....

Care journeys of patients with central retinal artery occlusion

The authors present a retrospective case note review of all adult patients referred for or diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) to a single tertiary hospital over a 10½ year period. A total of 181 patients were included in...

Divergence insufficiency esotropia is increasingly more common and new theory of aetiology

The authors present a retrospective case review of acquired esotropia. An internal database was reviewed for cases of esotropia and divergence insufficiency between 1978 and 2018 and seen by a single ophthalmologist. Patients with initial presentation of esotropia onset after...

Surgical treatment outcomes and predictors for consecutive exotropia

This retrospective study presented the long-term results of consecutive exotropia surgery and its prognostic factors, and compared efficacy of medial rectus advancement, lateral rectus recession, or a combination of both. Patients were treated between 2000–2020. Mean age was 33.98 ±17.68...

How common are carotid-cavernous fistulas and what are the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations?

The authors present a retrospective study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database. The aim was to establish the incidence of carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) and outline the associated neuro-ophthalmic patterns. Cases were identified from the database using the following criteria: a...

Cura Te Ipsum – Physician, Heal Thyself

I wasn’t on call and my bleep went off. I knew without looking that it was the directorate office. Immediately my heart sank, for these calls were always about bad things. They never called to say “well done Gwyn you’re...

The eye as a window to the brain: Non-invasive neuromonitoring

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Neuromonitoring, for example in conditions causing raised intracranial pressure (ICP) such as...

A refractive surprise after vitrectomy and capsulectomy

Figure 1: Right posterior capsule small aperture. We report a case of a pseudophakic patient who underwent vitrectomy and posterior capsulectomy. In spite of good visual acuity and absence of floaters, he was unhappy with the visual outcome. Case report...

What’s new in wet AMD papers?

Paper presentations on neovascular (‘wet’) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from the 16th European Society of Retina Specialists Congress, Copenhagen, September 2016, outline recent research directions evaluating the impact of vision loss on key health domains, patient preferences in the process...