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Understanding optic nerve head pericytes and glaucoma

The authors provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of pericytes in the optic nerve head (ONH). Key points include: (1) Pericytes are contractile mural cells that play crucial roles in regulating blood flow, maintaining the blood-brain / blood-retinal...

AI glaucoma screening cost-effective in the Netherlands?

Population-wide screening for glaucoma has traditionally been deemed not cost-effective due to high costs and low disease prevalence. This Dutch study re-evaluates this position by introducing artificial intelligence (AI) to the screening model. The authors developed a health-economic model comparing...

Keratoconus prevalence in astigmatic adolescents

The authors from Israel performed a cross-sectional study of 896,377 adolescents aged 16–20 years who underwent refraction and topography/tomography between 2011 and 2022. A total of 1886 (0.21%) were diagnosed with keratoconus with increasing astigmatism level being strongly associated with...

Biomarkers in thyroid eye disease

An ideal biomarker is sensitive, specific, easily assessable and clinically relevant. This study looked at the presence of inflammatory cytokines present in the tear film of healthy controls, thyroid patients without eye disease (non-TED) and those with thyroid eye disease...

Use of reduced volume BT as a treatment option for acute onset comitant esotropia

In this study, the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin (BT) for patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and deviation ≤25PD was investigated with comparison of results to conservative prism therapy. Botulinum toxin was undertaken without electromyographic guidance and...