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Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as a Third Cranial Nerve Palsy

1 February 2014 |
A 65-year-old man presented with a week’s history of binocular diplopia (in all directions of gaze) and a right partial ptosis. He was systemically well. His past medical history was unremarkable except for vitiligo. At presentation acuity was 6/6 bilaterally....

Supranuclear ocular motility disorders

1 June 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - General
Figure 1: Bilateral INO Introduction Complex ocular motility disorders are a diagnostic challenge. These patients come with very complex ocular motility presentations and require a careful and detailed assessment in order to find the correct diagnosis and arrange appropriate investigations....

Acute dellen formation post trauma

1 January 2016 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Cornea, EYE - General, EYE - Glaucoma, EYE - Imaging, EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Oncology, EYE - Orbit, EYE - Paediatrics, EYE - Pathology, EYE - Refractive, EYE - Strabismus, EYE - Vitreo-Retinal
Corneal dellen are saucer-like thinnings, usually of the peripheral cornea [1]. Dellen formation is thought to be related to localised tear film instability [2], specifically the absence of the mucin component of the tear film. Without the mucin layer, dry...

Oculoplastics: an evolving specialty

1 August 2015 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit
Consultant Ophthalmic and Oculoplastic Surgeon Raman Malhotra provides an insight into this increasingly popular subspecialty of ophthalmology. Oculoplastic surgery refers to plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery of the eyelids, the surrounding facial areas, orbits and lacrimal system. Its scope has...

Unexpected diagnoses – stroke in children and homonymous hemianopia

1 February 2022 | | EYE - Neuro-ophthalmology, EYE - Imaging, EYE - General
We present the case of a 12-year-old child presenting with a few days history of left-sided visual loss. Upon further investigation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was unexpectedly diagnosed with a right-sided chronic posterior cerebral arterial territory infarct, causing...

The symbolism of eyes in Halloween traditions and popular culture

31 October 2025 | | EYE - General
Halloween is a festival steeped in symbolism. Pumpkins, skeletons, ghosts and witches dominate the seasonal iconography, each representing broader cultural anxieties about death, darkness and the supernatural. Among these motifs, the eye, often depicted as glowing, disembodied or grotesquely exaggerated,...

Tricks and tips for paediatric refraction

4 December 2025 | | EYE - Paediatrics
Refraction is an important part of the paediatric eye examination but can sometimes be challenging. If a child struggles to co-operate with the eye examination, how can one ensure that the best outcome is achieved? There are tips here which...

Refraction planning in cataract: avoid creating an unhappy patient

1 June 2017 | | EYE - Cataract, EYE - Refractive
“It is much more important to know what sort of a patient has a disease than what sort of a disease a patient has.” William Osler The focus of this paper is the prevention of an unhappy patient following cataract...

Life as a Global Citizen Consultant Ophthalmologist: a personal view of working in Scotland and Tanzania

3 October 2022 | | EYE - General
Global Citizen post - a new challenge I was looking for a new challenge. I had been in the same consultant post with a subspecialty interest in paediatrics and strabismus for 17 years and was rattling around in an empty...

Simulated ocular surgery: pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling surgery

1 August 2015 | | EYE - Oculoplastic, EYE - Orbit
See also Simulated ocular surgery and Simulated ocular surgery - strabismus surgery In this second article on ocular surgery simulation, we will discuss how vitreoretinal surgery can be simulated using high tech virtual reality modalities such as the Eyesi, as...

Thyroid eye disease

22 September 2021 | | EYE - Orbit, EYE - General
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

My Top Five: Debunking common myths in ophthalmology and vision care

29 August 2024 | | EYE - General
In the field of eye health, numerous misconceptions persist. Let’s examine five prevalent myths and uncover the truth behind them. Myth 1: Wearing glasses weakens your eyesight Origin: This myth likely originated from the observation that people often need stronger...