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Interspecialty referrals

Referrals between the many and varied branches of ophthalmology sometimes underline how sub-specialised we have all become nowadays. The old era when everyone was an ophthalmic jack of all trades is gone, for better or for worse, and instead of...

What's trending Oct/Nov 2022

A round-up of the eye related hot topics that have been trending on social media over the last few weeks. #teammates #warringtonwolves #keratoconus Robbie Mulhern, a professional rugby league player for Warrington Wolves, had never heard of keratoconus prior to...

Effect of oxygen levels on binocular summation of dark vision

Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the existence of binocular enhancement of dark vision. This study compares monocular and binocular absolute thresholds of dark adaptation in two different populations (healthy individuals and those with chronic respiratory insufficiency). The study...

Intravitreal injection related endophthalmitis

This article reviews the incidence, clinical findings, risk factors, management and visual outcomes in intravitreal injection related endophthalmitis. Incidence of this complication is reported to be in the range of 0.038% to 0.065% (1 in 2000-3000 injections). Patients present typically...

New mouse model of diabetes mellitus

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes. It is driven by the loss of pericytes, cells which control vascular function, due to excess formation of sugar alcohols by the enzyme aldose reductase (AR). AR has been shown to...

Learnings and trends in the management of open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma

To be truly disruptive, newer technologies need to offer a quality of life benefit over medication to a broad population of glaucoma sufferers. Evidence and converging trends in medical and surgical management of glaucoma were explored in counterpoint discussions and...

Ciliary body granuloma masquerading as a melanoma

Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammatory condition which predominantly affects the pulmonary system and intrathoracic lymph nodes, followed by ocular involvement [1]. We present an interesting patient who developed acute anterior uveitis and subsequent ciliary body granuloma clinically mimicking...

PDI check Nintendo screening results

‘PDI check’ is a vision assessment game developed for the autostereoscopic upper screen on the Nintendo 3DS XL game console. Version 0.2.5 emphasises quick assessment of monocular acuity, stereoacuity and red-green colour deficiency. The purpose of this study was to...

How a paediatric population presented with diplopia

The authors present the results of a retrospective records review of 244 children presenting with diplopia over a three-year period. The majority of cases presented to paediatric ophthalmology clinic; other routes of presentation included eye casualty, neuro-ophthalmology or another eye...

Embryology in clinical practice

The fascinating world of embryology is both beautiful and practical. It is a home video of our evolutionary history through the ages from the single cell through to the life aquatic, the development of gut, limbs and brain, and most...

Oct/Nov 2016 Quiz

History A 67-year-old female patient had chronic left canaliculitis becoming painful and more recently complicated by left lower blepharitis. Examination revealed a small fleshy lump on the medial aspect of the left lower eyelid. There was also swelling of the...

Non-organic visual loss

Patients can present to eye departments with various signs and symptoms (mostly symptoms) with no obvious organic cause. These patients can be labelled with any of a wide range of diagnoses such as functional visual loss, functional overlay, psychosomatic reaction...