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Progressive myelination of the retinal nerve fibre layer: Acquired or incidental?

*Co-first authors.Myelinated retinal nerve fibres are retinal nerve fibres encased by a myelin sheath, located anterior to the lamina cribrosa [1]. First described by Virchow in 1856, a myelinated retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) appears as a whitish, feathery patch...

Hidden eyelid laceration following blunt trauma

A paediatric case report of a hidden eyelid laceration following blunt trauma. Blunt injury to the eyelid can result in a multitude of issues, such as damage to the eyelid margin, lacrimal system and surrounding orbit [1]. These can often...

CD40L activation of human RPE cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of reduced visual acuity in the elderly worldwide. The risk factors involved in AMD include smoking and diet, while genetics have been shown to have a significant role. Recently a link between...

Binocular summation responses in strabismic amblyopia

A preliminary study was conducted to determine whether binocular summation (BS) in strabismic amblyopia is more decreased than in strabismus alone and whether strabismus surgery improves BS. The study included 15 strabismic amblyopes, 30 normal controls and 30 strabismic controls....

An unusual case report of bilateral abducens paralysis

In this case report a nine-year-old girl develops bilateral abducens nerve paralysis, caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is characterised by dilation, tortuosity and marked elongation of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Clinical findings result from the compression and displacement...

In conversation with Andy Pyott

Discussing a detour into ophthalmology from zoology in 1988, experiences in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Europe and the National Treatment Centre – Highland, Baljean Dhillon interviews his newest guest on the Eye Views podcast, Andy Pyott. Take us back to...

A phase 3 randomised trial of nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention

To B3, or not to B3? That was the question asked in this controlled trial in which the authors were able to show that oral nicotinamide (vitamin B3) is able to reduce further skin cancer development in high risk patients....

Somatostatin protects retinal pericytes

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the retinal microvasculature. Mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and deposition of advanced glycation end products, leads to glial cell activation and neuronal apoptosis. Pericytes, contractile...

Placement of an eyelid weight as an upper lid spacer for lagophthalmos

Upper lid loading with a weight is a well described procedure for the treatment of lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy. The authors describe a modification of this procedure whereby the levator aponeurosis is recessed in combination with supratarsal weight implantation. The...

Braille at 200: The code that changed everyday life

Frenchman Louis Braille was in his teens in the mid-1820s when he began developing the six-dot tactile code that enables millions of blind and partially sighted people around the world to access the power of literacy. Two centuries on from...

Portable corneal topography – exploration of a prototype

Ophthalmic imaging devices, such as corneal topographers, are not widespread in the developing world. A small device that connects to a smartphone might be a solution to improve developing nation access to corneal imaging. I recently had the opportunity to...

An update on inherited retinal disorders (part 1) – overview and assessment of inherited retinal disease

Part 2 of this topic can be found here Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) is the leading cause of blindness certification in the working age population (age 16-64 years) in England and Wales and the second most common in childhood [1]....