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Description of surgical modification for heavy eye syndrome

For heavy eye syndrome, these authors report a modification to facilitate approximation of the widely separated muscles using a combination of zip-up and hand-over-hand manoeuvres. Ten patients underwent this surgery with unification of the superior rectus and lateral rectus muscles....

Reporting the development and pilot use of fixable surgical instruments

This study reports the development of instruments to substitute traction sutures during strabismus surgery and to act in place of surgical assistance. Three types of instruments were developed: (1) fixable multi-functional forceps; (2) fixable muscle hook; and (3) fixable retractor....

Short-term instability of surgical correction of IXT

In this retrospective observation study from southern India, the authors aimed to evaluate the progression of intermittent exotropia (IXT) following surgical correction and its contributing factors in 50 patients. Mean age at surgery was 10 years (range 6–14), 26 were...

A glimpse of Syrian ophthalmology

Ophthalmology training in Syria has long followed a rigorous residency model, preparing medical graduates for specialist practice through surgical experience and formal examinations. Yet in recent years, the combination of conflict, resource shortages and emigration of medical professionals has created...