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Microcatheter in the vertebral artery as a cause of branched retinal artery occlusion?

A 19-year-old male presented to eye casualty with a seven-day history of a ‘blurred patch’ in the left eye. The patient denied any other visual symptoms including flashes or floaters and there had been no change in visual symptoms in...

The Leicester Grading System for Foveal Hypoplasia

The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit have published the first medical grading system named after the city of Leicester. Infantile nystagmus is characterised by constant and involuntary eye movements and affects 24 per 10,000 people [1]. Onset is usually...

Forward-tilt technique for intraocular pressure measurement in upgaze

The authors suggest a technique to improve the accuracy of measuring IOP in upgaze using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting the orbit and periorbital tissues [1]. It was...

Diabetes macular oedema in pregnancy self-resolving postpartum

*Equally contributing co-first authors. Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common clinical presentation to ophthalmology clinics. Ample evidence exists for management of DMO in non-pregnant patients. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the optimal management of DMO in...

Neurofibromatosis with multiple bilateral choroidal nevi and literature review

The aim is to present a case of neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, who presented with bilateral multiple choroidal nodular nevi following chemotherapy and mastectomy for breast cancer. Neurofibromatosis type-1 presents as a wide range of...

My top five: Trinkets of fact or fiction

Trinkets of adult wisdom are often delivered to children alongside warnings of catastrophic outcomes. In this article we present five ‘facts’ about eye health and vision and ask the question: to what extent are these ideas backed up by literature?...

My Top Five: Trinkets of fact or fiction

Trinkets of adult wisdom are often delivered to children alongside warnings of catastrophic outcomes. In this article we present five ‘facts’ about eye health and vision and ask the question: to what extent are these ideas backed up by literature?...

Radiation retinopathy

The authors review the current treatment options for this condition. Radiation retinopathy (RR) occurs as a complication after exposure to any type of radiation (external beam, plaque brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery) in the orbital or adnexal region. These include nasopharyngeal...

Conservative management of concomitant strabismus

The aim of management for all patients with strabismus should centre around four goals: to prevent amblyopia, to alleviate symptoms, to restore binocular single vision (BSV) and to improve ocular alignment. The conservative management options available for strabismus include observation,...

Crystalline keratopathy in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Monoclonal gammopathies encompass a group of plasma cell disorders characterised by the excessive production of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins in the bloodstream [1]. This category includes multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), amyloidosis and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy...