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Literature review of aspects relating to topical anaesthesia for strabismus surgery

This review was undertaken to consider the benefits and limitations, the nuances in surgical techniques and the preoperative testing and counselling in patients considered suitable for topical anaesthesia strabismus surgery. Preoperative considerations were reported as age, tolerance of forced duction...

Thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with a spectrum of signs and symptoms, usually associated with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination but there are further investigations that can aid diagnosis if unclear....

SOS (Simplified Ophthalmic Statistics) Part 2: How to summarise your data and why it’s a good idea to do so

Studies involve capturing data. Statistical techniques allow data to be used to answer important research questions. A case series may have data on a handful of subjects but we are now entering the Big Data arena where datasets can be...

100 years since Sir William Duke-Elder graduated from the University of St Andrews

With sincere thanks to Andrew King, Ophthalmic Optician and owner of Andrew King Opticians near Glasgow, for his extensive research into Duke-Elder’s life.' Sir William Stewart Duke-Elder. Photo credit: Edward Irvine Halliday, Institute of Ophthalmology. In the world of ophthalmology,...

Cytotoxic effect of voriconazole on human corneal epithelial cells

Voriconazole is a second-generation synthetic derivative of fluconazole with broadened antifungal spectrum. It is becoming the drug of choice for fungal keratitis. Voriconazole eye drops are not available commercially, thus have to be prepared by diluting the intravenous formulation containing...

The long-term effects of AREDS on AMD progression

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was an 11-centre, double-masked, clinical trial that in 2001 found a high-dose of antioxidant vitamins plus zinc was effective in protecting against progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with moderate to high...

Brolucizumab in age-related macular degeneration, HAWK Study

The aim of the study was to collect additional data on efficacy and safety of brolucizumab 6mg intended for commercialization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (with an increase in pH and decrease in polysorbate concentration). The HAWK Study was a...

LSHTM: Skills for Eye Field Research

This course takes place in November/December each year on Thursdays and Fridays over 3 weeks (5 teaching days and one day for the written assessment). All sessions are delivered face-to-face for the whole day (09:30 - 12:45 and 14:00 -...

Blurred vision post liver transplant: to blame the house cat or not?

This article outlines a case of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression. There were two potential sources of infection in this patient and we describe how we concluded which was the most likely. Case report A 33-year-old female was referred...

Cementing a VISION 2020 LINK partnership between Blantyre and Liverpool – building capacity for DR services alongside research

Malawi is a small land-locked country in eastern Africa with a growing population of over 17 million people. About 45% of the population is aged 14 or under; only 5% are aged 60 or over. The gross national income per...

Thrombophilia in patients with retinal vein occlusion

The authors present a retrospective study of the prevalence of thrombophilia in patients with retinal vein occlusion. The study cohort included 88 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 51 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and 40 controls....

Autophagy in lens mitochondria loss

The lens consists of a monolayer of epithelial cells that overlies fibre cells that differentiate from epithelial cells at the equator. While developing, fibre cells need mitochondria to provide energy, as they mature they lose these and other organelles to...